城市水环境建设中若干问题的探讨

结合上海和国内外一些大城市的实际情况，就水环境内涵的拓展，水环境在提高城市环境舒适性方面的作用和地位，以及如何恢复和创造城市水环境的自然形态等问题进行了有益的探讨，并提出了若干建议。     

运用泵船取水方式解决尊村泵站渠首水源脱流问题的探讨

提出了作者对黄河小北干流段河势的认识,从时间上看摆动是必然的,着流是相对的;从空间上看,黄河主流摆动不是小北干流段特有的现象;黄河小北干流段主流摆动的主要因素是多泥沙特征,河床的宽浅特征及液化砂层的地质特性。介绍了以往解决脱流问题的经验教训,论证了泵船取水方式的可行性,并对其参数诸如单船规模、稳定性、航行动力、空载吃水深度、泵船空载重量、工作吃水深度、平衡水仓容量、压载水仓容量、船体尺寸等的设计进行了考虑     

三峡工程1998年防汛工作回顾

分析１９９８年汛期三峡坝址天气及水情情况，结合三峡工程挖填方量大、基坑多、高陡边坡多、地下洞室多、雷击高发区域广的特点，组织参与三峡工程建设的设计、施工、监理、通航管理、水文气象等单位，采取积极的防洪抢险措施，包括：明确工程渡汛标准；健全渡汛组织机构；充分做好渡汛准备；重视天气和水情预报．同时介绍了充分利用葛洲坝水利枢纽３次超高水位拦洪削峰支持荆江抗洪的情况，以及２００３年三峡水库初期调度运行方案．三峡工程建成后，将具有２２１５亿ｍ３的防洪库容，通过调度，可蓄洪约１５０多亿ｍ３，沙市水位可限制在４３５ｍ（１９９８年达４５２２ｍ），防洪效益十分显著．     

南水北调中线PCCP管道的摩阻损失计算分析

在大量收集与分析国内外PCCP管道摩阻损失计算方法的基础上,论述了3个常用摩阻损失计算公式的起源;分析了各公式的适用条件.并以南水北调中线PCCP管道摩阻损失计算为例,给出了采用Hazen-Williams公式和Manning公式计算的误差;解释了误差产生的原因;推荐了计算大口径管道摩阻损失的公式.最后建议南水北调工程4 m直径PCCP管道制造出来后应立即进行水力学试验确定其绝对粗糙度值.     

南水北调东线工程利用南四湖输蓄水对湖区的影响分析

通过预测调水后的蓄水条件变化,对南水北调利用南四湖输蓄水产生的不利影响进行分析,提出了对因输蓄水影响造成的生产、生活设施的损失进行赔偿,对调整渔湖民生产结构适当给予补贴,同时应结合南水北调东线工程的实施,对湖内输蓄水造成的渔具改造、提水站改建、对可能造成水体污染项目的产业控制规模或外迁安置等影响,采取适当的工程或非工程措施加以处理.     

The good,the bad,and the algae: Perceiving ecosystem services and disservices generated by zebra and quagga mussels

Dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels are widely recognized as having strong, adverse ecological and economic impacts, e.g., biofouling and loss of water column primary production. We assessed perceptions and values associated with two less often considered ecological outcomes of dreissenid mussel influences on coastal ecosystems along Lake Ontario and the western St. Lawrence River in New York State. One, the generation of water clarity through filtration, we define as an ecosystem service; the other, the production of large amounts of nuisance algae (e.g., Cladophora and Microcystis) is defined as an ecosystem disservice. Surveys of business owners and homeowners quantified their preferences and the formation of values regarding these products of zebra mussel influence. Water clarity increased greatly, particularly in the eastern portion of Lake Ontario, and algal problems increased throughout. Businesses attributed increases and decreases in revenues associated with water clarity and algae; homeowners reported analogous changes in property values. Water clarity was positively associated, and algae negatively associated, with changes in revenues and property values. Threshold responses of costs as functions of filamentous algae were evident. Given the likely continued influx of invasive species due to human activities, further development of the ecosystem service concept should consider potential “goods” and “bads” of invasives and their influence on ecosystem and social system resiliency.     

A modelling study of residence time and exposure time in the Pearl River Estuary,China

This paper presents an investigation into two transport timescales, i.e. the residence time and exposure time, of a conservative matter in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) using a depth integrated hydrodynamic-dispersion model. The model has been verified against field measured tidal and salinity data in three typical seasons, including the wet, dry and average rainfall seasons. The model predicted distributions of tidal wave amplitude and salinity level agree generally well with the field measurements. The model is then enhanced by including capabilities for calculating the two timescales. The numerical model predictions show that both the freshwater discharge and tidal water elevation affect significantly the values of residence time and exposure time. The return coefficient is found to be about 0.5. Using a regression analysis, an exponential function has beenderived to correlate the timescales to the freshwater discharge. In the dry season the average residence time and exposure time are up to about 6 days and 12 days, while in the wet season these values are reduced to 3 days and 5 days, respectively. Generally, in all three types of seasons, the exposure time is about two times greater than the residence time, which demonstrates that there is a high possibility for water to re-enter the PRE after leaving the estuary. Both the residence time and exposure time decrease as the initial water elevation increases, which indicates that a contaminant will stay in the PRE for a longer time if it is released at a low tide. The effects of monthly averaged wind forcing on the resident time and exposure time are also investigated.     

北仑峙南围垦沉滑原因及对策

介绍北仑区郭巨峙南围涂工程概况及地质条件。根据海堤原位观测结果,着重分析海堤滑动的原因,提出对沉滑加固处理和对堤脚外冲刷处理的措施。得出的经验教训是:建设、设计、施工等单位对软土地基筑堤的特性和规律应有一个共识,认识和掌握堤基强度随加荷逐渐变化的规律是在软土地基上筑堤的关键,切忌盲目加载和不按加荷次序施工。     

三峡工程设计中的几个重大问题

本文回顾了有关工程设计中的坝址选择、水位比选、枢纽布置及结构设计等重大问题的研究和决策。     

我国现行立法体制与南水北调有关立法形式研究

通过对我国立法体制、立法权限和行政许可权限的研究，从行政立法法律法规角度，探讨了南水北调有关立法形式问题，提出了初步措施。