掺气分流墩阶梯溢流坝面水力特性试验研究

对有掺气分流墩和无掺气分流墩的阶梯溢流坝面流场进行了对比试验研究。通过对压力、掺气浓度和消能效果等的分析和讨论，得出了掺气分流墩的增设将消除或降低阶梯凹角内和立面上的负压，显著增加了坝面水流的掺气量和掺气范围并提高了阶梯坝面消能率等重要结论。本研究为在大单宽流量下如何提高阶梯式溢流坝的消能率和防止空蚀破坏等方面进行了探索。     

旋流式泄洪洞的特点及其运行可靠性分析

旋流式泄洪洞和常规洞一样也存在空蚀敏感区(在起旋洞水流转向的升坎处)。为了防止发生空蚀，在溢流堰的一侧墙设掺气折流坎，产生旋涡气囊进入竖井，向升坎处补气，同时在起旋洞的进口设增压折流坎，缩短螺距，使旋转流经过升坎，在离心力的作用下消除负压。采用掺气和增压这两项技术措施，可大大提高旋流式泄洪洞的运行可靠度。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A CURVED PIPE WITH A BAFFLE

A numerical study on the characteristics of developing turbulent flow in a curved pipe with a baffle was carried out in body-fitted coordinates with the k-ε model turbulence. A curved duct of square cross-section was examined first, and the results agree very well with the experimental data. Then two kinds of pipes, a normal curved pipe and that with a baffle were studied. The computational results are presented and compared with each other to illustrate the changes of the flow after adding the baffle. The longitudinal velocity in the pipe with a baffle was characterized by outer velocity bigger than the inner one. The secondary flow was characterized by four-vortex structure with the intensity reduced, which results in the equability of the flow field of the cross-section compared with that without a baffle, and has much more significant meaning in engineering.     

用于地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水挡板设计

针对传统自动排水挡板在实际应用中效果不佳,不仅地下配电站积水量仍然比较高,而且排水率也比较低,无法达到预期的效果,为此提出用于地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水挡板设计。由浮板、内/外侧支撑、加固杆以及90°铰链组成排水挡板整体结构,并对各个部件材料设计,结合配电站单相防汛功能需求,设计排水挡板水环境监测模块、地下水环境当时最大值模块、地下水环境实时数据模块、报警统计模块、防汛实时状态模块、自动排水及挡水模块六个功能模块,利用自动化技术设计自动排水挡水程序,以此完成用于地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水挡板设计。经实验证明,在设计排水挡板应用下地下配电站积水量不超过2 mm,排水率超过95%,设计挡板可以有效防止地下水或雨水的渗入,保证配电站的安全运行,对于保障电力供应的稳定性和可靠性具有极其重要的意义,在地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水方面具有良好的应用前景。     

UBAF用于城市污水深度处理的生产性试验

介绍了山东省枣庄市城市污水处理厂采用升流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)作为污水深度处理的主体工艺的情况。经过二级处理后的可生物降解性较差的城市污水通过此工艺处理能够取得较好的处理效果。此工艺占地小,造价比较低,运行操作简单,在污水回用领域值得推广。     

不同组合连接体形下旋流式竖井水力特性试验研究

通过物理模型试验和理论分析相结合的方法研究了不同组合连接体形下旋流式竖井的水力特性,总结出竖井涡室内的4种典形流态,其中,自由旋流流态最适合于旋流式竖井.通过进一步研究进口体形和消力井深度对流态和消能率的影响,得出折流角变化对消力井侧壁及底板压强影响不大,消力井边壁及底板均不会出现负压;流量的增加会减小消能率,折流角和...     

The method to control the submarine horseshoe vortex by breaking the vortex core

The quality of the inflow across the propeller is closely related with the hydrodynamic performance and the noise characteristics of the propeller. For a submarine, with a horseshoe vortex generated at the junction of the main body and the appendages, the submarine wake is dominated by a kind of highly non-uniform flow field, which has an adverse effect on the performance of the submarine propeller. In order to control the horseshoe vortex and improve the quality of the submarine wake, the flow field around a submarine model is simulated by the detached eddies simulation （DES） method, and the vortex configuration is displayed using the second invariant of the velocity derivative tensor. The state and the transition process of the horseshoe vortex are analyzed, then a modified method to break the vortex core by a vortex baffle is proposed. The flow numerical simulation is carried out to study the effect of this method. Numerical simulations show that, with the breakdown of the vortex core, many unstable vortices are shed and the energy of the horseshoe vortex is dissipated quickly, and the uniformity of the submarine wake is improved. The submarine wake test in a wind tunnel has verified the effect of the method to control the horseshoe vortex. The vortex baffle can improve the wake uniformity in cases of high Reynolds numbers as well, and it does not have adverse effects on the maneuverability and the speed ability of the submarine.     

可压缩掺气水流的一维特征分析

本文简要介绍了由双流体连续介质模型导出的简化的封闭可压缩掺气水流基本方程组，推导出一维情形中的特征方程。     

包气带土壤水分滞留特征研究

在水资源开发利用与水环境保护方面，包气带土壤水分滞留曲线非常重要。本文在Van经验公式基础上，建立了吸湿与脱湿曲线，将最小二乘法与非线性单纯形法相结合，确定了4个待求参数的获取方法；并探索了滞留曲线在数值模拟中的使用。用现场试验资料检验了求包气带土壤水分特征参数方法的有效性，同时对4种土质的脱湿与吸湿试验进行了模拟计算。结果表明：本文采用的求水分滞留曲线的方法快捷、方便，对试验数据的模拟较好。     

猴子岩水电站深孔泄洪洞水力学试验及数值模拟

深孔泄洪洞是猴子岩水电站4套泄洪设施之一,其落差超过100m,洞内泄流流速最大可达22.5m/s,有高水头大流速这一特点。本文采用双方程紊流模型及基于水气两相流的VOF方法,对猴子岩深孔泄洪洞有压洞弯段及无压洞段的多种水力学要素进行三维数值模拟。数值模拟结果与1:25单体模型试验数据对比表明,采用该紊流模型与数值计算方法,能够很好地模拟这种高水头、大流量且带有自由表面的掺气水流的水力特性。计算模拟出的多种水力特性,从变化趋势到数值精度可满足水工设计的要求。