鄱阳湖枯水期水体主要污染物时空分布差异（性）研究

系统分析了鄱阳湖2015年度枯水期主湖体、五河入口、湖口过江水道、赣江下游主河道和南昌市周边湿地表层水体中总氮、总磷、汞、铜、锌、铅、镉等几种污染物的含量,结果表明:①2015年度鄱阳湖枯水期水体中总氮、总磷和铜的平均浓度分别为3.145 mg/L、0.121 mg/L和0.089 mg/L,总体偏高;②汞、铅、锌、镉的平均浓度为5.932×10-4 mg/L、0.408mg/L、0.0645 mg/L和4.516×10-2 mg/L;③总氮、总磷和铜在空间分布上存在差异性,表现为饶河河口、吴城望湖亭和湖口等区域的污染情况较为严重,南矶山碟形湖的污染程度最轻.     

分段式SBR与传统SBR工艺对比研究

将传统SBR的曝气和沉淀过程在时间上进行分段,在不同段数厌氧/好氧/缺氧状态下的交替运行条件下,考察了分段式SBR工艺的运行情况并与传统SBR进行了对比研究.通过设计正交试验确定了传统SBR、二段式和三段式SBR最佳运行参数.结果表明:三段式SBR对COD、NH3-N、总磷的去除率可以达到97.33%、96.63%、99.76%.二段式SBR对COD、NH3-N、总磷的去除率可以达到96.98%、93.45%、98.63%,传统SBR对COD、NH3-N、总磷的去除率可以达到95.87%、88.47%、98.15%,由此可见分段式SBR较传统SBR对有机物、NH3-N和总磷有较好的去除效果.     

羰基合成法制取高纯纳米氧化铁工艺研究

纳米氧化铁是近年来研发的新型纳米材料,它具有良好的光学、磁性、催化性能,在涂料、磁性材料、医学磁介质和催化等方面有广泛的应用前景,采用传统技术生产的纳米氧化铁因其粒度分布宽,纯度低等问题无法用于生物医药等高端领域,本文通过实验的方法介绍了一种新型高纯纳米氧化铁生产技术,可为高纯纳米氧化铁的研究和生产提供参考。     

基于冠层光谱和BP神经网络的水稻叶片氮素浓度估算模型

[目的]快速、准确地诊断水稻叶片氮素营养状况,为水稻氮肥精准管理提供依据。[方法]以江西省农科院8种不同施肥处理的晚稻为研究对象,于主要生育期同步测定了水稻冠层光谱反射率及叶片全氮浓度(Leaf Nitrogen Concentration,LNC),系统分析了原始光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱、"三边"参数以及由350～1 350nm两两波段组合的差值(SD (Rλ1,Rλ2))、比值(SR (Rλ1,Rλ2))及归一化(ND(Rλ1,Rλ2))光谱指数与水稻LNC的相关关系,筛选出敏感参数,并以之为自变量构建了水稻LNC的传统预测模型,另外构建不同指标个数的多元线性与BP神经网络模型,并对模型进行验证。[结果](1)水稻LNC与一阶微分光谱在751nm处的相关性最高(r=0. 822);(2)"三边"参数中的红边面积SDr与LNC的相关性较高(r=0. 687);(3) 750nm附近的红边波段与近红外波段差值组合、550nm附近的绿光波段与近红外波段的比值及归一化差值组合与水稻LNC的相关性较高,以SD (R752,R751)、SR (R534,R1 350)和ND (R534,R1 349)表现最好,相关系数分别为0. 827、-0. 790和0. 788;(4)传统回归模型中以SD(R752,R751)构建的一元线性模型最佳(RC2=0. 665、RV2=0. 750、RMSEV=0. 4%、RPD=2. 034);(5)利用5个指标((R'751、SDr、SD (R752,R751)、SR (R534,R1 350)、ND (R534,R1 349))经逐步回归筛选出的2个指标SD ((R752,R751)和SR (R534,R1 350))构建预测水稻氮素的BP神经网络模型,预测效果最佳,其验证参数值分别为R2=0. 859、RMSEV=0. 302%和RPD=2. 669。[结论]基于单指标构建的传统线性模型计算过程简单但精度略低,而基于2个指标(SD (R752,R751)、SR (R534,R1 350))构建的BP神经网络模型预测精度高于该2指标构建的多元线性模型,表明在指标适合的情况下,BP神经网络对氮素具有较好的预测能力,是一种快速准确估算水稻叶片全氮浓度的方法。     

鄱阳湖典型洲滩湿地植被叶片和土壤δ15N特征分析

为研究鄱阳湖典型洲滩湿地植被叶片和土壤δ¹⁵N特征,以蚌湖和修水之间的洲滩作为研究对象,选取典型断面研究2015年10—12月和2016年4月植被叶片和土壤δ¹⁵N的相关关系,探讨土壤含水量和无机氮(铵态氮和硝态氮)对植被叶片和土壤δ¹⁵N的影响。结果表明:大部分C3植被的叶片δ¹⁵N大于C4植被;湿润时期植被叶片和土壤δ¹⁵N大于干旱时期,但湿润时期和干旱时期植被叶片均较土壤富集¹⁵N。铵态氮在湿地土壤中占比高达87.43%,是土壤主要的无机氮,但湿地植被主要吸收硝态氮。研究区氮循环开度较小,土壤δ¹⁵N随着可利用氮素的增加而降低,而随着土壤含水量的增加而增加。植被叶片δ¹⁵N与土壤δ¹⁵N呈显著的正相关关系,植被叶片δ¹⁵N主要受土壤氮素变化和氮同位素分馏的影响。     

Seasonal Variation of Nutrient Limitation in Western Lake Erie

Monthly nutrient enrichment experiments were performed from April through October, 1983, to identify growth limiting nutrients of natural phytoplankton assemblages collected from a station in the Pigeon Bay waters off the north shore of Lake Erie's western basin. Data from these experiments suggest that silica was the major limiting nutrient in April, phosphorus was the major limiting nutrient in May-September, and trace metals were limiting in October. These results show that nutrient enrichment experiments should be performed often enough to account for seasonal changes in the physicochemical environment as well as seasonal succession in phytoplankton. The conclusion that phosphorus was the major limiting nutrient in summer is different from the conclusions of the late 1960s and early 1970s that nitrogen was the major limiting nutrient in the summer in the western basin and suggests a possible shift from nitrogen to phosphorus limitation. Pigeon Bay nutrient trend data show that summer nitrate:soluble reactive phosphorus ratios have increased from approximately 4 in the late 1960s to over 40 in the late 1970s and early 1980s, corroborating that a shift has probably occurred. This shift in nutrient limitation is probably due to reduced bioavailable phosphorus loadings and increased nitrate loadings to the western basin. The southern portion of the western basin is physicochemically different from the northern portion and may not have responded in the same manner.     

太平沟流域综合治理工程对农用土壤N素循环及其增产的影响

本文就太平沟流域综合治理工程对促使Ｎ素趋于良性循环原因进行了分析与研究，并对Ｎ素收支平衡对作物产量的影响效果进行了探讨。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.