国内湖泊水质污染及富营养化治理

湖泊水质污染及生态恢复是我国当前水环境保护所面临的主要问题。在国内湖泊富营养化防治调研的基础上,对我国重点治理的“三湖”水环境状况及治理对策进行了总结与分析,提出国内湖泊治理存在的问题和对策,以及官厅水库水污染防治应注意的问题。     

桂林桂湖浮游藻类种群组成及水质生物学评价

根据2013年1～12月对桂湖浮游藻类的调查和监测结果,分析藻类种群组成和优势种、细胞密度、马卡列夫（Margalef）和香农—韦弗（Shannon-Weaver）生物多样性指数等生物特征参数的变化,从生物学角度对桂湖水质进行评价,为桂林两江四湖水环境的综合治理和生态保护提供基础资料和理论依据。     

ASSESSMENT OF CONSEQUENCES OF SEDIMENT DEFICIT ON A GRAVEL RIVER BED DOWNSTREAM OF DAMS IN RESTORATION PERSPECTIVES: APPLICATION OF A MULTICRITERIA,HIERARCHICAL AND SPATIALLY EXPLICIT DIAGNOSIS

As regards river restoration, it is fundamental to better link human pressures and environmental responses and to take into consideration not only target species or habitat but diverse ecological elements. This permits to assess sustainable restoration plan, especially concerning sediment augmentation below dams. The use of a hierarchical multicriteria approach on the Ain River permits us to assess a diagnosis of sediment deficit impact integrating several morphological (channel shifting, river bed degradation and river bed coarsening) and ecological components (Riparian and floodplain lake and fish communities). Our diagnosis also integrates a temporal and spatial approach better to link human pressures and environmental responses and to identify the dam effects amongst other drivers (e.g. grazing decline and channel regulation). The results confirm causality links between sediment deficit and slight channel bed degradation (0.01 m.year^?1) or channel bed paving and thus highlight the impact of the dam on the drying of the riparian forest and on former channel community. However, the relationship between incision and reduction in active channel lateral mobility is more difficult to establish. The role of sediment deficit in the current variability of the riparian regeneration capacity and, thereby, landscape diversity along the lower valley remains unclear. This study also confirms the relevance of using different ecological indicators, notably because all components present different adjustment time scales, whereas some of them are more sensitive to other impacts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MODIS影像的洞庭湖枯水期总磷营养状况监测研究

为了解洞庭湖区枯水期的水体总磷的污染情况,利用MODIS反射率与同步的总磷(TP)浓度实测数据进行相关性分析,得出最优波段组合b1-b5。建立了三次多项式反演模型,并运用模型反演得到2005、2009及2013年枯水期3期洞庭湖区总磷的分布图,湖区水体主要以Ⅳ类水质和Ⅴ类水质为主,进一步采用以TP为基准的修正营养指数(TSIM)公式得出洞庭湖区的营养状态分布情况。结果表明:2005-2013年洞庭湖水体营养指数呈现略下降又上升的趋势。洞庭湖区湖水趋于富营养化状态,且东洞庭湖最严重,南洞庭湖次之,西洞庭湖最轻,洞庭湖湖体水质劣于入湖口水质。     

引黄河向白洋淀补水效益分析

保持白洋淀的水生态,对于华北地区的生态环境和社会经济发展有重大意义。白洋淀的反复干淀,引起了各级领导和广大群众的关注,要求水利部门从根本上扭转这种局面,建立保持白洋淀水生态的长效机制。2006—2009年从黄河调水保证了白洋淀水生态环境的持续健康,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

九江市城区河湖水质现状及污染防治对策

水是生命之源,城市依水而建,城市河湖的水环境影响着整个城市人口的生活环境,也体现一座城市的文化品位．文章分析了九江市城区河湖的水质现状,并提出了防治对策．     

Spatial and Ontogenetic Variability of Sea Lamprey Diets in Lake Superior

Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) remain an important source of fish mortality in the Laurentian Great Lakes, yet assessing their impact is hindered by lack of quantitative diet information. We examined nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) of sea lamprey and host species in six ecoregions of Lake Superior, mainly in 2002–2004. Data implied that most sea lamprey fed primarily on upper trophic level species, including forms of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). However, in Ontario waters, particularly semi-enclosed Black Bay, sea lamprey relied heavily on lower trophic levels, such as coregonines (Coregonus spp.) and suckers (Catostomus spp.). Sea lamprey δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C generally increased with sea lamprey size, implying dependence on higher trophic levels later in life. Most parasitic sea lamprey that we captured were attached to either lean lake trout (35% of observed attachments), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis; 25%), or cisco (C. artedii; 25%); the latter sea lamprey were typically < 15 g. Survey- and fishery-dependent wounding rate data compiled from 1986–2005 suggest that lean and siscowet lake trout were selectively parasitized by sea lamprey, which is consistent with our stable isotope data. Our results largely support the notion that lake trout are the principal host species in Lake Superior. However, stable isotope evidence that sea lamprey feed at lower trophic levels in some regions argues for comprehensive monitoring of sea lamprey impacts throughout the fish community in systems that sea lamprey have invaded.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区旅游产业升级研究：以创意产业为动力

创意产业和旅游产业的合作是新型旅游业态的发展方向,是生态旅游的发展路径之一,是推动旅游产业升级的驱动力。本文针对鄱阳湖生态经济区创意旅游产业的现状和问题,认为创意产业推动旅游产业升级应该构建全新的价值链体系,并提出＂筑巢引凤＂、＂步步高升＂、＂锦上添花＂、＂虚实结合＂四种产业升级模式。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区中小企业创业板上市可行性分析

中小企业在创业板上市,不仅是融资行为,也是对企业自身的改造。本文在分析鄱阳湖生态经济区中小企业现状与国家创业板政策的的基础上,就该地区中小企业在创业板上市的可行性提出若干建议。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN TOTAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN AN OXBOW LAKE AFTER IMPLEMENTING AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

The Wolf–Broad oxbow lake (417 ha) was evaluated by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and included on the Mississippi 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies for total suspended solids (TSS). A study was undertaken for 2 years to evaluate and document changes to TSS (mg L^?1) and overall lake turbidity (NTU) through best management practice implementation. These two objectives were analysed with routine monthly surface sampling events of turbidity (Eureka Manta 2, automated data sonde) as well as 20 random samples per sampling trip for TSS from June 2008 to June 2010. Results from a non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis analysis indicated a significant month‐by‐year effect on turbidity and TSS (chi‐squared = 76.08, p = 0.001), but reach (chi‐squared = 2.45, p = 0.784) and depth by reach (chi‐squared = 2.44, p = 0.784) did not show significant effects on turbidity. There were no significant correlations between TSS concentrations and turbidity and 2 days and 7 days summed or mean rainfall for the duration of the evaluation. Spearman correlation analysis for TSS indicated significant correlations between TSS and mean two‐day (r² = 0.62, p = 0.002) and seven‐day (r² = 0.51, p = 0.014) wind speeds. All other variables used in the analysis did not show significant correlation with TSS ( p > 0.05). This suggests that wind conditions, rather than rainfall, predict the greatest variability in TSS and turbidity in Wolf Lake. These documented correlations between lake water column TSS, turbidity and wind highlight the difficulties of demonstrating success of management practices in the short temporal period between project initiation and completion. Unmanageable environmental conditions (wind speed and direction) and limited temporal monitoring scales (1 1/2 years post‐BMP implementation) limit the possibility of demonstrating successful water‐quality improvement within a 303(d) listed waterbody such as Wolf Lake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.