可持续乡村旅游的基本特征及其实现途径

乡村旅游正在全国各地形成热潮,并已成为乡村发展的新动力。可持续乡村旅游的基本特征表现为旅游产品的体验性、旅游环境的和谐性、旅游经济的循环性、旅游开发的扶贫性,强调应通过维护乡土特色、优化旅游环境、发展循环经济、全方位旅游扶贫等途径来实现乡村旅游可持续发展。     

高职院校大学生法律素质的培养途径

实行依法治国,关键在于提高公民的法律素质.大学生是未来法治社会的主体,培养大学生的法律素质是依法治国的必然要求.笔者阐述了培养大学生法律素质的意义,并从四个方面探索大学生法律素质的培养途径问题.     

河南省水生态文明建设试点城市生态系统健康评价

在总结城市生态系统的属性并分析其健康内涵的基础上, 通过频度统计法, 建立评价指标体系。采用海明贴 近度, 建立模糊物元模型, 对河南省第一批水生态文明城市建设试点郑州、 洛阳、 许昌 2000 年- 2013 年间城市生态 系统的健康水平进行评价, 分析影响城市生态系统健康发展的各要素, 结果表明: 郑州、 洛阳和许昌整体的城市生态 系统健康水平呈上升趋势, 但健康改善程度并不显著, 且部分指标有恶化趋势; 相同时期内, 城市生态系统的健康水 平排序由高到低依次为郑州、 洛阳、 许昌, 但其增长速率则为许昌最快、 郑州最慢; 各城市不同要素之间的健康程度 差别较大, 且不同城市各要素之间的协调性较低。因此, 未来应针对健康程度较差的要素重点发展, 提高各要素之 间的协调性, 进一步提高城市生态系统整体的健康水平。     

Blending science and public policies for remediation of a degraded ecosystem: Jackfish Bay, north shore of Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada

The Jackfish Bay Remedial Action Plan is the first of Lake Superior's Areas of Concern (AOCs) to consider recognition as an Area in Recovery (AiR). As a result of a high degree of complexity and uncertainty, ecosystem recovery in Jackfish Bay has been determined using a combination of regulatory policies and scientific evidence and extensive public and expert-based decision making. As a result, the conceptualization of the AiR status in Jackfish Bay has been developed with the adaptive management and the ecosystem approach, which provide the basic principles of assessing, monitoring, and managing the Area of Concern. To determine the status of beneficial use impairments caused by effluent from the Terrace Bay Pulp Inc., three public advisory committees—an academic panel of experts, a government technical review committee, and the Jackfish Bay Public Area in Recovery Review Committee (PARRC)—reviewed relevant scientific data and documents, including peer-reviewed publications, to assess changes in pollution levels in Jackfish Bay and improvements to aquatic, biotic, and benthic environments of the bay. The public decision-making process concluded with recommendations by the PARRC to develop a systematic monitoring program so that the ecosystem recovery process in the bay could be assessed on a continued basis, leading to its eventual delisting as an AOC. The entire process provides an example of blending science and public policies for remediation of a degraded ecosystem on the Great Lakes.     

相应流量自动化实时报汛技术研究与应用

为了研制相应流量计算模型,对常用的相应流量计算模型的适用范围、精度进行了分析,包括单一线模型、单值化模型、动态差分模型、经验绳套模型。针对不同流量的计算方法,结合人机交互技术,建立了相应流量计算模型。通过选择具有不同水位流量关系的典型水文测站,对模型的预报精度进行了验证。验证结果表明：一次洪水过程的大部分时段预报结果与实测结果吻合较好,预报精度提高;测站水位流量关系的静态单值化精度对相应流量自动化实时报汛精度影响很大,是今后继续深入研究的一个方向。     

轴流转桨机组水力过渡过程中的轴向水推力研究

轴流转桨式机组水力过渡过程中出现的抬机现象会直接危及电站的安全稳定运行。本文通过对轴流转桨式水轮机轮叶的受力分析,根据瞬态旋转水力矩推导出轴向水推力计算模型,并将计算模型应用于草街水电站的过渡过程计算中,研究了防抬机的工程措施。     

坝王河羡塘至大井、小井河段开发方式研究

针对坝王河流域忽明忽暗、明伏交替、落水洞遍布、地下暗河系统发育等强喀斯特特点,拟对羡塘至大井、小井河段的开发采取分段开发的思路,上河段为合理规避河段喀斯特渗漏问题,采用长隧洞引水方式;下河段为避开地下暗河系统和渗漏河段,选择成库条件较为可靠的坝址和引水线路较短的开发方案.其工程经验可供类似流域开发借鉴.     

Computer Support for Implementation of a Systemic Approach to Water Conflict Resolution

Abstract

Water is an important factor in conflicts among stakeholders at the local, regional, and even international level. Water conflicts have taken many forms, but they almost always arise from the fact that the freshwater resources of the world are not partitioned to match the political borders, nor are they evenly distributed in space and time. Two or more countries share the watersheds of 261 major rivers and nearly half of the land area of the world is in international river basins. Water has been used as a military and political goal. Water has been a weapon of war, and water systems have been targets during the war. A systemic approach has been taken in this research to approach resolution of conflicts over water. By helping stakeholders to explore and resolve the underlying structural causes of conflict our approach offers a significant opportunity for its resolution. We define the five main functional activities for assisting the conflict resolution process as: (i) communication; (ii) problem formulation; (iii) data gathering and information generation; (iv) information sharing; and (v) evaluation of consequences. A computerized technical support is developed in the form of the Conflict Resolution Support System (CRSS) for implementation of a systemic approach to water conflicts. Its principal components include an artificial intelligence-based communication system, a database management system, and a model base management system. At this stage of the development, the model base management system consists of tools for multipurpose reservoir operation, river flow routing, multi-criteria decision-making, spatial data analysis, and other general utilities. A hypothetical river basin with potential conflict between stakeholders with respect to water sharing and flood control is used to demonstrate the utility of the new approach and the computer system developed for its implementation.     

水的生态服务功能内涵与 评价方法初探

从水的生态服务功能的机理出发,深入剖析了其内涵与水的两层次生态服务结构,并在此基础上构建评价水的生态服务功能的指标体系,介绍了评价流域水的生态服务功能的主要方法;最后提出了维系流域水的生态服务功能主要思路与手段,为水的生态服务功能研究提供了新思路与新方法。     

A physical approach of the short-term wind power prediction based on CFD pre-calculated flow fields

A physical approach of the wind power prediction based on the CFD pre-calculated flow fields is proposed in this paper. The flow fields are obtained based on a steady CFD model with the discrete inflow wind conditions as the boundary conditions, and a database is established containing the important parameters including the inflow wind conditions, the flow fields and the corresponding wind power for each wind turbine. The power is predicted via the database by taking the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) wind as the input data. In order to evaluate the approach, the short-term wind power prediction for an actual wind farm is conducted as an example during the period of the year 2010. Compared with the measured power, the predicted results enjoy a high accuracy with the annual Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 15.2% and the annual MAE of 10.80%. A good performance is shown in predicting the wind power’s changing trend. This approach is independent of the historical data and can be widely used for all kinds of wind farms including the newly-built wind farms. At the same time, it does not take much computation time while it captures the local air flows more precisely by the CFD model. So it is especially practical for engineering projects.