安徽省旱涝急转规律的认识与研究

旱涝急转是指某一地区或某一流域发生较长时间干旱时，突遇集中强降雨，引发山洪暴发、河水陡涨．客水入侵、内水难以及时外排的一种自然现象。旱涝急转极易造成人员伤亡、水库垮坝等重大经济损失。在防汛抗旱中，安徽省要充分认识旱涝急转的危害性，加强应急管理，具体包括思想上保持高度的警觉，加快防汛抗旱工程体系和预测预警体系建设，有效应对旱涝急转。     

明渠湍流床面附近跃移层面颗粒浓度垂线分布

本文以动理学理论的Boltzmann方程为基础，考虑明渠湍流床面附近猝发喷射和清扫运动对跃移层内运动颗粒的不同作用，分析了明渠中泥沙颗粒浓度垂线分布问题，得到了适用于包括跃移层、悬移层在内的统一浓度垂线分布公式。文中着重研究了跃移层内运动颗粒的浓度垂线分布，并将本文结果与实测跃移层内浓度垂线分布及实测跃移层顶部浓度进行了对比，结果表明理论与实验两者符合较好。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION JET FLOW IN NEAR REGION

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｊｅｔｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｆｌｕｉｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ.Ｉｔａｌｓｏｈａｓｍａｎｙａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ ,ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｏｆｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔａｎｄｃｏｏｌｉｎｇｗａｔｅｒｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ .Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｊｅｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈａｔｏｆｔｈｅａｍｂｉｅｎｔｗａｔｅｒｂｏｄｙ ,ｔｈｅｊｅｔｗｉｌｌｂｅａｆ…     

宜昌站泄流能力变化对葛洲坝设计洪水影响

宜昌水文站是葛洲坝、三峡水利枢纽的设计依据站。葛洲坝水利枢纽动工修建和运行 ,对该站水位流量关系中低水部分产生了影响。探讨了该河段泄流能力的变化对葛洲坝水利枢纽设计洪水有无影响的问题。用1 967～ 1 999年实测资料对宜昌站以汛期平均水位为参数的水位流量关系曲线簇进行了检验 ,大部分年份最大日平均流量、3、7、1 5、30d洪量的偏差在± 4 %之间 ,说明曲线簇推流具有相当的精度。证明了宜昌河段中低水泄流能力的变化对葛洲坝水利枢纽设计流量和校核流量基本没有影响     

平衡纵剖面数值试验及其对防洪的影响研究

本文采用一维非恒定流非均匀沙的水沙数学模型，以长江中游螺山汉口河段为背景，进行了根化数值模拟试验，分析了该概化河段平衡纵剖面的变化规律及其与上游来水来沙条件的关系，并和相应的理论公式进行了比较。在此基础上，对水沙条件发生较在变化时的平衡纵比降以及带来的对长江中下游防洪的影响进行了分析。     

《关于加强嫩江松花江近期防洪建设的若干意见》论证概要

水利部《关于加强嫩江松花江近期防洪建设的若干意见》近期已由国务院办公厅批转有关省、自治区和国务院有关部门执行。本文简单介绍了《关于加强嫩江松花江近期防洪建设的若干意见》编制过程中对设计洪水、防洪标准、工程布局和非工程措施的论证情况和主要结论。     

中国的主要水问题及水文学的机遇

从水资源开发利用与保护、水旱灾害防治等方面论述中国当前存在的主要水问题：水危机和水浪费同时存在、水污染日趋严重、防洪减灾任重道远、生态环境破坏严重、全球气候变暖产生不利影响；进而论述水文学研究面临的新课题：水文现象的不确定性、人类活动对水文的影响、水位频率计算、水资源开发利用的最佳效应、水资源供需分析、农业节水灌溉机理及水旱灾害的防治，并指出必须加强对这些新课题的研究     

九江市1998年抗洪回顾与反思

通过九江市１９９８年汛情特点的分析，及抗击这次超历史洪水各项措施的总结，进行了深刻的反思     

Increasing the corrosion resistance of equipment due to the use of film-forming amines

Results of a study of tube specimens cut from hot-water boilers show that film-forming octadecyl amine (ODA) used in the process of preservation removes deposition from the surface of the metal. An ODA film is preserved on the surface after repeated washing of the latter with hot water. The concentration of chlorides at the surface of the metal after treatment with ODA is lower than before the treatment. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 11, November 2005, pp. 15–18.     

Applicability of the flood‐pulse concept in a temperate floodplain river ecosystem: thermal and temporal components

Annual growth increments were calculated for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) from the lower Mississippi River (LMR) to assess hypothesized relationships between fish growth and floodplain inundation as predicted by the Flood‐Pulse Concept. Variation in catfish growth increment was high for all age classes of both species, and growth increments were not consistently related to various measures of floodplain inundation. However, relationships became stronger, and usually direct, when water temperature was integrated with area and duration of floodplain inundation. Relationships were significant for four of six age classes for blue catfish, a species known to utilize floodplain habitats. Though similar in direction, relationships were weaker for flathead catfish, which is considered a more riverine species. Our results indicate the Flood‐Pulse Concept applies more strongly to temperate floodplain‐river ecosystems when thermal aspects of flood pulses are considered. We recommend that future management of the LMR should consider ways to ‘recouple’ the annual flood and thermal cycles. An adaptive management approach will allow further determination of important processes affecting fisheries production in the LMR. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.