国内外环境素养测评发展的比较研究

鉴于国内环境素养测评研究处于起步阶段,文章追溯了国内外环境素养测评理论发展的历史脉络,对比分析了国内外学者在环境素养测评研究方面的差距和不足,以期促进国内学者研究水平的提高,促进生态文明、环境友好型社会建设。     

区域农业可持续发展度评价——以环洞庭湖区为例

要实现区域农业可持续发展,首先就必须对其发展现状进行识别与判定,其次在理解区域农业可持续发展度的基础上,建立农业可持续发展度数学模型;并运用这一模型对环洞庭湖区1998—2006年农业可持续发展水平进行评价。最后得出结论:1998年农业处于不可持续发展的状态,其余各年洞庭湖区农业处于弱可持续发展状态;并针对今后环洞庭湖区农业可持续发展提出相关的对策建议。     

检验报告质量风险评估及风险预防

本文运用国际通用的风险管理原则,对实验室检验报告进行失效模式分析及风险评估,找出了检验报告中存在较高风险的问题点并制定相应的预防措施,确保质检机构检测结果的准确性,防止失效检验报告的发生,避免对广大消费者产生误导及扰乱市场。     

Using technology to improve the management of development impacts on biodiversity

The mitigation hierarchy (MH) is a prominent tool to help businesses achieve no net loss or net gain outcomes for biodiversity. Technological innovations offer benefits for business biodiversity management, yet the range and continued evolution of technologies creates a complex landscape that can be difficult to navigate. Using literature review, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews, we assess technologies that can improve application of the MH. We identify six categories (mobile survey, fixed survey, remote sensing, blockchain, data analysis, and enabling technologies) with high feasibility and/or relevance to (i) aid direct implementation of mitigation measures and (ii) enhance biodiversity surveys and monitoring, which feed into the design of interventions including avoidance and minimization measures. At the interface between development and biodiversity impacts, opportunities lie in businesses investing in technologies, capitalizing on synergies between technology groups, collaborating with conservation organizations to enhance institutional capacity, and developing practical solutions suited for widespread use.     

Research Frontiers in the Economics of Climate Change

Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort is particularly warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers.     

The development of the Personality Audit: a psychodynamic multiple feedback assessment instrument

The Personality Audit (PA) was developed to meet a need for a relatively simple multiple feedback instrument that could clarify the various motivational needs of executives. Using a psychodynamic approach to leadership, the PA allows the test-taker to assess him- or herself in seven personality dimensions important in human behaviour and to identify personal ‘blind spots’. The resulting insights can be used to formulate appropriate leadership development goals.

The objective of this paper is to describe the design and psychometric properties of the PA. This instrument, in contrast with other tools that can be used to clarify the inner theatre of individuals, is designed not only to report information given by the test-taker but also to reflect the perceptions of observers representing both the test-taker's public and private spheres. This paper describes in detail the conceptual foundations of the questionnaire, the psychometric methods used to confirm its validity and reliability, and possible directions for future research.     

基于GRA-TOPSIS的军校学员基层管理核心能力评估

部队基层管理核心能力是基层管理能力的核心内容,是军校学员必需具备的军事能力。本文利用理想解法与灰色关联度相结合的方法,很好地解决了评估军校学员基层管理核心能力水平生成层次的问题,并为寻找学员基层管理能力弱项提供了方法借鉴。     

旅顺口区土地退化分区分级研究

[目的]随着社会经济的高速发展,资源开发规模和强度不断扩大,土地退化的问题也逐渐显现出其弊端。[方法]文章以2003年、2006年、2009年的旅顺口区土地利用数据为基础,运用GIS软件的叠置分析,空间分析对研究区土地退化分区分级研究。通过掌握土地利用变化的数量、时空模式及变化趋势来揭示研究区在不同时期、不同资源开发强度下土地退化的时空特征。[结果]研究表明,研究区的土地退化类型在2003~2009年主要为土地污染、次生盐碱化、草地退化;荒草地和耕地面积在6年间共减少2068.12hm2,耕地土地利用动态度为-2.85%,荒草地土地利用动态度为-2.37%,建设用地土地利用动态度为2.25%,其他未利用地土地利用动态度为6.84%;在不同的研究时期和区域,土地退化的强度不同;根据分区区域面积加权计算,旅顺口区的耕地退化指数小于3,预计土地退化程度属于轻度退化,研究结果可信。[结论]旅顺口区土地退化分区分级研究为今后旅顺口区的社会经济发展战略的决策和生态环境的管理提供了科学依据。     

农户过度放牧行为产生原因分析--来自黑河流域肃南县的农户调查

我国草地资源位居世界第二位,但目前退化非常严重,已经成为牧区生态环境保护和经济发展的主要制约因素。导致草地退化的原因多种多样,自然因素是不可调控因素,并且在近50年内并非是导致草地大面积退化的主要因素,实际上,人为因素才是最为主要的因素,其中过度放牧是最主要因素之一。农户作为草地使用和经营行为的微观主体,其行为可直接或间接地响应所有管理行为和制度的最终效应。通过针对肃南县草地退化进行的农户问卷调查进行详细剖析,并结合有关统计资料,尝试从农户角度阐释过度放牧行为产生的内在机制,认为农户的支出需求增加、收入的增幅减缓与缺乏稳定的收入预期、收入渠道单一以及生态支付意愿不高是导致农户过度放牧行为产生的根本原因。     

我国风力发电项目投资风险评价——基于支持向量机模型

在分析我国风力发电项目投资风险并建立其评价指标体系的基础上,将支持向量机模型用于风力发电项目投资风险评价,全面衡量风力发电项目面临的经济风险、技术风险、政策风险等。支持向量机方法很好地解决了风力发电项目样本数据缺失、评价主观性问题。实证分析结果表明,利用支持向量机模型评价风力发电项目的投资风险,具有一定的适用性和准确性。