苏北灌南地下水补给源同位素地球化学分析

为了找到灌南地区汤沟酒厂水质明显优于其他水的原因,追溯优质地下水的来源,以便优化地下水利用,采用氢氧同位素分析和地球化学分析方法对灌南地区地下水进行研究,分析灌南地区河水、井水与降水的氢氧同位素关系和主要阴阳离子关系。结果表明:灌南地区深层承压水的氢氧同位素关系与潜水和地表水呈现明显差异,承压水中富含锶和偏硅酸,这也是潜水和地表水中所没有的。由此推断,汤沟酒厂酿酒所用的深层承压地下水应该来自于外源,隐伏火山玄武岩地下水的补给源区可能位于青藏高原东南与云贵高原一带。汤沟镇新生代隐伏火山玄武岩中可能存在外源水的导水通道,孔洞型火山玄武岩符合导水通道岩石特征。     

氧化沟工艺污泥膨胀及出水水质影响因素的研究

针对丝状菌污泥膨胀造成改良式氧化沟工艺处理城市生活污水超标的问题,通过分析进水水质、溶解氧、温度、污泥膨胀指数、出水水质变化的关系,探讨了导致丝状菌膨胀的主要限制因子以及出水水质的变化.研究结果表明,此工艺中进水BOD5、CODcr、TP浓度和pH值变化不是导致污泥膨胀的原因,进水TN和环境温度对污泥膨胀略有影响,DO、NH3-N变化与SVI有较强的相关性,DO和NH3-N越高,SVI越低.     

城市河道中江心洲对溶解氧的影响

通过室内模型试验,结合理论分析,研究城市河道在i=1‰坡度不同流量下溶解氧的分布特征,给出了溶解氧含量的沿程断面分布的等值线图,详细阐述了溶解氧在江心洲处的分布规律,进一步研究了江心洲与全坝以及江心洲与开口坝在城市河道中对溶解氧含量分布的影响,研究结论为洲滩演变与河道治理提供理论指导。     

Deoxygenation of chemically purified water at thermal power plants

Results are reported from experimental studies of the removal of dissolved oxygen from chemically purified water by catalytic hydrogenation on a palladium catalyst. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, December 2008, No. 12, pp. 42–45.     

An experimental assessment of the effectiveness of gravel cleaning operations in improving hyporheic water quality in potential salmonid spawning areas

Dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions within the hyporheic zone were investigated in a gravel stream (River Sieg) in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, populated in the spawning season by recurring migratory fish species, like Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and sea trout (Salmo trutta trutta L.). The gravel bed was cleaned at three sites in an area of approximately 150 m² to a depth of 50 cm, reducing the quantity of grains <2 mm to below 0.2%. DO concentrations in cleaned and uncleaned sediments were monitored in situ at 10, 20 and 30 cm sediment depth from the end of November 2001 to the end of April 2002. DO showed only minor fluctuations at the cleaned sites and steadily decreased at all uncleaned sites over time. Fine sediment accumulation over 5 months in the cleaned sites was comparable to the proportion of material within the bed prior to the experimental cleaning and probably influenced the DO concentrations of the hyporheic water. Decreasing DO concentrations at all sites coincided with increasing water temperatures towards the end of the study period. The cleaning operation significantly improved the conditions of DO in the hyporheic zone of the three study sites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

INVERTEBRATE AND FISH ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONS TO DISSOLVED OXYGEN MINIMA IN LOWLAND STREAMS OF SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in lowland streams are naturally lower than those in upland streams; however, in some regions where monitoring data are lacking, DO criteria originally established for upland streams have been applied to lowland streams. This study investigated the DO concentrations at which fish and invertebrate assemblages at 35 sites located on lowland streams in southwestern Louisiana began to demonstrate biological thresholds. Average threshold values for taxa richness, diversity and abundance metrics were 2.6 and 2.3 mg/L for the invertebrate and fish assemblages, respectively. These thresholds are approximately twice the DO concentration that some native fish species are capable of tolerating and are comparable with DO criteria that have been recently applied to some coastal streams in Louisiana and Texas. DO minima >2.5 mg/L were favoured for all but extremely tolerant taxa. Extremely tolerant taxa had respiratory adaptations that gave them a competitive advantage, and their success when DO minima were <2 mg/L could be related more to reductions in competition or predation than to DO concentration directly. DO generally had an inverse relation to the amount of agriculture in the buffer area; however, DO concentrations at sites with both low and high amounts of agriculture (including three least‐disturbed sites) declined to <2.5 mg/L. Thus, although DO fell below a concentration that was identified as an approximate biological threshold, sources of this condition were sometimes natural (allochthonous material) and had little relation to anthropogenic activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海南岛东北海岸地下水游离CO2对pH的影响

利用海南岛东北海岸测井地下水潮周期逐时取样实测数据,分析了游离CO2的变化特征及其与pH的关系。结果表明,游离CO2并不稳定,含量随测井条件而变化,主要来自大气输入,变化在0~17．6mg/L之间。测井地下水pH与其有密切联系,在QZ1测井对其的响应率δpH/δCO2依次为-0．17、-0．18,QZ4-1为-0．07;无游离CO2的pH比较稳定,与海水pH接近,且代表值8．33作为背景值;游离CO2所产生的H＋含量为1．35×10-8~8．24×10-8mol/L,贡献率在58．31%~94．63%之间,产生的pH在7．08~8．54之间,参与解离的H2CO3质量含量比例在0．033%以下;H2CO3饱和指数SI在QZ1测井为0．02~0．19,QZ4测井为0．032以下,远未达到溶解平衡;利用平衡方程计算得到可溶性SiO2的pH贡献,结果显示产生的H＋含量很低,产生的pH偏高,在8．55~8．76之间。从产生的H＋绝对含量对比来看,游离CO2明显高于可溶性SiO2。     

化学需氧量测定法改进过程及发展趋势研究

化学需氧量（ COD）是对水质进行监测评价主要指标之一。文章由标准法的改进入手,并结合工作实践对其检测现状同进展作了分类论述,同时介绍了COD的测定法向着更加科学合理化改进和发展的趋势。     

220 kV 变压器油中溶解气体异常原因及处理

介绍了葛洲坝水电站1台220 kV变压器油中溶解气体异常的情况,通过气相色谱法、故障产气速率计算、热点温度估算分析故障产生的原因,用比值法判断故障类型,查明了故障的原因,提出了处理措施。