不同渠水位及其骤降对灌溉渠堑坡稳定性的影响分析

为了研究渠道内不同水位及其骤降对饱和黏性土灌溉渠堑边坡稳定性的影响,本文结合某大型灌区渠堑典型断面,利用 SLOPE／W 软件分析了不同渠水位下渠堑边坡的安全系数和不同渠水位骤降至渠底面时渠堑边坡的安全系数。结果表明：不同渠水位稳定时安全系数随渠水位的减小呈先减小后小幅增大的趋势,在渠水位为3 m 时,安全系数最小;渠水位骤降时安全系数随渠水位的减小呈增大的趋势,曲线由缓变陡再变缓,最后与稳定时零水位的安全系数相同;比较稳定和骤降时的安全系数,可以看出不同水位安全系数的差随水位的降低逐渐减小。     

跌坎消力池体型优化数值模拟

以某高水头大单宽流量的水电站为例,对不同体型参数的跌坎型消力池进行了一系列的数值模拟计算。在原体型设计的基础上,顺次改变出口反坡坡度、池长、进口跌坎坡度及高度,通过数值计算得出了各影响因素的变化对消力池内水力特性的影响,以此来确定最优消力池体型。由数值计算结果可得:消力池出口反坡不宜垂直;缩短消力池池长,冲击区时均压强略微减小,临底流速开始变化不大,当消力池池长缩短到一定程度时,临底流速明显增大;减小跌坎坡度,冲击区正向临底流速减小,但反向临底流速增大;降低消力池前半段高程,可使进口临底流速降低,但反坡段临底流速会有明显增大,建议不进行挖深工作;提高底板高程,时均压强减小,临底流速变化不大,考虑到挖方量,建议不降低底板高程。此研究成果可为类似工程设计提供参考和依据。     

Chinese competition and product variety of Indian firms

Using detailed firm-product-year data across manufacturing industries in India, and exploiting the exogenous nature of China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, we investigate the link between the impact of import penetration from China on the product variety of Indian manufacturing firms. We find: (i) robust and significant effects of product drop, with the effect coming only from competitive pressure in the domestic market; (ii) robust evidence of product drop or ‘creative destruction’ only for firms belonging to the lower-half of the size distribution; (iii) firms drop their peripheral/marginal products and concentrate on the core ones; and (iv) the result is strongest for firms producing intermediate goods. For an average Indian manufacturing firm, a 10 percentage point increase in India’s Chinese share of imports in the domestic market reduces the product scope of firms by 1.7–4.4%. In contrast, we find positive effects on product scope when firms are importing intermediate goods. We also find evidence of significant productivity effects and within-firm factor reallocation. Our results are consistent to a battery of robustness checks and IV estimation.     

三峡溢流坝段几个温度应力问题的计算与分析

本文对三峡溢流坝段通仓浇筑与不同分缝分块、孔口、溢流面的温度应力进行了全面分析,并在此基础上提出了三峡溢流坝段施工设计中需要考虑的问题。这些问题具有代表性,也可作三峡其它坝段以及类似工程进行施工方案、温控设计时参考。     

井筒与油藏耦合条件下水平井变质量流动规律研究

本文在无限大均质地层弹性不稳定渗流模型解析解的基础上,建立了与地层耦合的水平井筒压降模型。结合具体实例通过对耦合模型的求解得到了水平井筒内的压降与产量分布,从而揭示了井筒与油藏耦合条件下射孔完井水平井的变质量流动特性。     

煤层气注入/压降测试方法分析及应用

煤层气开发过程中,试井测试作为求取地层参数及对煤层进行定量和定性的评价的手段,是不可或缺的重要环节。本文就注入/压降测试方法的工艺研究、试井解释方法的分析以及与常规油气井测试方法的对比分析,探讨注入/压降测试方法在煤层气勘探开发中的应用。     

水轮发电机推力油槽油位下降的原因分析与处理

2009年末,大唐碧口水力发电厂3号水轮发电机组在运行的一周内出现三次推力油槽油位下降的现象,给机组的正常运行构成了极大的威胁,同时也增加了大量的维护成本。经过对可能造成推力油槽油位下降多种原因进行分析论证,最终确认导致的推力油槽油位下降的原因为推力轴承油冷却器渗漏。在秋检时对3号机10台推力轴承油冷却器进行打压试验,发现4号油冷却器存在渗漏现象,将4号冷却器进行了整体更换后回装,机组运行至今再未发生推力油槽油位下降的现象。     

导流洞改建为跌流式竖井溢洪道的试验研究

结合某水电站导流洞改建永久性溢洪道试验,研究了跌流式竖井溢洪道的水力特性,并对消力井布置进行了优化研究。研究表明,该溢洪道自环形进水口以下采用突扩方式与竖井连接所形成的脱壁水流结构,与传统的贴壁式竖井的水流结构具有明显不同,不仅可以有效避免竖井段因水流流速较高可能造成的空化空蚀破坏,降低施工难度,而且有利于水舌掺气并促进消力井消能。该研究提出的消力井优化布置体型,与传统的布置形式相比具有更高的消能效率,消能效率可以达到83%以上。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE DROP AND CORRELATION OF FRICTION FACTORS FOR SINGLE-PHASE FLOW IN ROLLING HORIZONTAL PIPE

Gas-liquid two-phase flow occurs increasingly in some dynamic devices operating in the oceanic condition. The relative data are limited with respect to flow characteristics, so the present study is to investigate systematically single-phase pressure drop, and to develop the theory for frictional factor under the rolling condition. Using deionized water as the test fluid, a series of experiments of single–phase flow were conducted in pipe with the inner diameter of 34.5 mm. The test section was horizontally settled on the rolling apparatus, and its regularity was similar to simple harmonic motion. It is found that the pressure drop during rolling motion fluctuate with the change of the rolling period and rolling angle, which is significantly different from fluid motion in a steady state. By the contrast between experiment results and stable-state theory values, existing correlations can not predict present frictional factor very well. Therefore, in the present article, the single-phase frictional factor is correlated with the Reynolds number for rolling motion, and its computated results agree well with experimental data.     

石羊河流域地下水水位下降原因及对策研究

石羊河流域位于甘肃省河西走廊东部,由于气候变化和流域内工农业生产的发展,流域内径流减少,地下水大力开采,导致流域内各地的地下水水位下降,近20 a来,流域内民勤县最大地下水水位平均下降速率达0.57 m/a。分析了流域内地下水水位下降的分布情况和原因。要防止地下水水位继续下降,保证流域社会经济可持续发展,需采取关闭部分机井、发展节水高效农业、工程调水补充地下水等措施。