论我国抗旱立法的完善

旱灾一直是我国的主要自然灾害之一,它影响粮食安全、饮用水安全、生态安全。面对大旱,我们必须深刻反思我国现有抗旱立法工作的不足之处,并通过加强防灾减灾与水资源管理方面立法,完善《森林法》的内容,加快制定农业保险法、农田水利法等农业立法,使我国抗旱工作有法可依,提高我国应对旱灾的能力。     

谈乡镇防办能力建设

阐述了加强乡镇防办能力建设的意义，根据江西省新余市乡镇防汛机构普遍存在的问题，提出相关对策．     

全国土壤田间持水量分布探讨

针对大范围旱情监测预测系统建设的具体要求，在全国干旱综合区划的基础上，分析了当前田间持水量分布研究的基本方法及存在问题，并在分析、评价现有基础资料的同时，采用定性定量相结合的方法，建立了一套切实可行的基于旱情监测预测系统建设的全国土壤田间持水量分布的确定方法，最终得出了全国土壤田间持水量分布图。     

信用风险缓释工具在商业银行中的风险缓释效果研究

对13家美国银行的年度面板数据进行量化分析发现:信用风险缓释工具的使用并不直接表现出风险加权资产及整体银行风险的下降,而是表现为在风险一定的情况下银行可以发放更多的贷款。在剔除了过度投机因素后,银行可增加约63%的目标贷款额。     

The Income and Consumption Effects of COVID-19 and the Role of Public Policy*

We provide empirical evidence on the labour market impacts of COVID-19 in the UK and assess the effectiveness of mitigation policies. We estimate the relationship between employment outcomes and occupational and industrial characteristics and assess the effects on consumption. Seventy per cent of households in the bottom fifth of the earnings distribution hold insufficient assets to maintain current spending for more than one week. We compare the effectiveness of the UK's Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and of Economic Impact Payments in the US. The EIPs are more effective at mitigating consumption reductions as they have full coverage, depend on household structure and are higher for low-income workers.     

Factors contributing to business actions in response to climate change in Korea

Climate change is a growing problem and has been highlighted as a global issue. Empirical evidence increasingly indicates its obvious potential risks to humans and society. As members of this society, business organizations face greatly diverse climate change-related risks that they must recognize and respond to. However, gaps exist between scientific evidence and the actions of business organizations. Few empirical studies have examined the business organizations’ actions taken in response to climate change in Korea. This paper addresses this critical gap in the climate change literature by examining business organizations’ behaviors and identifying the factors influencing their actions. We employ statistical models to compare corporate climate change actions, and we explain their variations using survey data. The results indicate that despite increasing concerns about climate change, businesses have implemented very limited precautionary mitigation and adaptation actions. In addition, the concerns of the businesses about future climate change impact, organizational capacity (leadership, staff capacity, existence of a relevant division or department), and business size are significant factors with respect to the implementation of climate change actions.     

吉林省2000年特大旱灾成因浅析

本文根据2000年天文特点，通过列表，绘图等形式分析了2000年吉林省旱灾面积居全国之首的原因，并采用全国480多年实况来校核，同时建议应加强对旱灾分析预测，减灾对策研究的投资力度。     

Restoring Wetlands Through Wetlands Mitigation Banks

This paper offers the first economic analysis of wetlands mitigation banks. The banks are a new alternative for restoration of wetlands by developers before receiving regulatory approval for future development of wetlands in the same watershed. A stochastic optimal control model is developed which incorporates ecological uncertainty of wetlands restoration. The model helps in examining the decisions of how much to invest in a wetlands mitigation bank. The model is calibrated with data from California bioeconomic parameters. Numerical simulation of the model provides a sensitivity analysis of how model parameters of restoration costs, stochastic biological growth, interest rate, and the market value of credits affect the trajectory of investment and the optimal stopping state of wetlands quality when the investment ends. The analysis reveals that restoration of the whole site will occur when there is a reduction in restoration costs, an increase in biological uncertainty or an increase in the value of wetlands credits. Continued restoration is harder to justify with a higher interest rate.     

Reducing Vulnerability of Water Resources of Canadian Prairies to Potential Droughts and Possible Climatic Warming

Past and the present studies show that the Canadian Prairies havebecome warmer and may have been drier in the last four to five decadesbut the drying trends are scattered and inconclusive.Statistical analysis shows that only the Winter and Fall (insome instances) precipitation is marginally related to ENSO andthe PNA (Pacific North Americ) Index, and streamflow is highlyvariable. With uncertainties on the potential impact of climaticchange and other uncertainties, several strategies are proposedto reduce the vulnerability of the Prairies to future droughts,where surface water is the primary water supply and agricultureis the major water user: (1) Continue implementing small-scalewater resources projects and increase water storage through snowmanagement, (2) increase integration between existing waterresources systems, and (3) promote water conservation measuresin agriculture practice, water pricing and water metering.     

Bringing competition to urban water supply*

This paper proposes a market‐based reform that would introduce competition into the provision of urban water. This proposal calls for a decoupling of infrastructure control and ownership of water whereby the property rights to water would be transferred to private hands. The proposal involves periodically allocation (e.g. by auction) of existing water stock held in urban catchments to virtual suppliers who then compete in providing bulk water. This change when coupled with effective third party access and retail competition would lead to a competitive market for the provision of urban water. The approach aims to address concerns over inefficient pricing and infrastructure provision under the current arrangement.