The distributional impact of unification and the 1992–93 recession on West German households

The 1992–93 recession in the western states of Germany has been attributed, in substantial measure, to the macroeconomic consequences of policies to finance unification. Studies of the costs of unification have not attempted to measure the burden of the recession. We estimate a dynamic, panel model of household incomes using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and use it to forecast what these incomes would have been in 1992–94 without a recession. Using a ratio of actual to forecast incomes, we compare the relative burden of the recession across households. Our findings suggest that western households below the median income bore the brunt of the combined impact of unification and the recession of 1992–93.
JEL classification: P3, D3, E3.     

Why are Small Firms Different? Managers’ Views

Do incentives differ between large and small organizations? Results from a representative survey of compensation managers are used to shed light on the issues. I find that (i) small establishments rely less on pecuniary incentives, and have a significantly more hostile attitude towards incentive schemes based on competition and relative rewards; (ii) large units are more vulnerable to mechanisms of efficiency wages, effects that remain even after controlling for differences in monitoring ability; (iii) large units are more prone to indicate that negative reciprocity is important, and that their employees care about relative pay. I argue that these findings fit with behavioral stories of incentives and motivation, in particular those stressing group interaction effects, inequity aversion and gift exchange.     

From T-Bills to Stocks: Seasonal Anomalies Revisited

This paper employed eleven data series which consist of stocks, bonds, bills, equity premiums, term premiums, and various default premiums to investigate whether January seasonality reported in existing literature is robust across different states of the economy as this has important trading implications. For the periods 1926–1990, small stocks, small stock premiums, low grade bonds, and default premiums (spread between high grade, low grade and government bonds) reveal January seasonality and that the seasonality is robust across different states of the economy except for low grade bond returns and default premiums. January seasonality for low grade bond returns and low grade bond default premiums are primarily driven by results found during periods of economic expansion. Overall, January seasonality is more evident during the economic expansion periods although the magnitude of default premiums is larger during periods of economic contraction. Furthermore, prior findings of strong summer equity returns are primarily driven by the results found during the periods of economic contraction. It is also found that equity returns are generally higher during periods of economic expansion.     

仿生波状前缘机翼动态失速控制的数值研究

该文提出了采用波状前缘机翼改善动态失速性能的有效控制方式。通过数值求解雷诺平均N-S方程,对比研究了波状前缘机翼和传统的光滑前缘机翼在动态失速时的力学性能和流动特征,并分析了前缘形状改进和可控拍动参数的影响,探讨有效的控制途径。研究结果表明,在深失速的动态失速控制中,波状前缘翼的复杂涡系能更稳定地附着在上翼面,其力学性能明显优于光滑前缘翼,尤其在大攻角范围内优势明显。波状前缘形状改变对升力能几乎没有影响,但转轴前移、增加拍幅和频率都能提高拍动波状前缘翼的升力。     

社会养老保险新政的运行效果分析——基于沈阳市国有大型企业的调查

利用调查数据重点考察了社会养老保险新政的实际运行效果,指出了目前存在职工参保意愿不强烈、政策有效性尚不明显、对制度长期建设缺乏信心等现实问题,以期对养老保险制度的改革完善提供理论和政策依据。     

Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method,the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action.Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of ...     

HULL GESTURE AND RESISTANCE PREDICTION OF HIGH-SPEED VESSELS

Since trim and sinkage are significant while vessels are advancing forward with high speed, the predicted vessel resistance based on restrained model theory or experiment may not be real resistance of vessels during voyage. It is necessary to take the influence of hull gesture into account for oredicting the resistance of high-speed ship. In the present work the resistance problem of high speed ship is treated with the viscous flow theory, and the dynamic mesh technique is adopted to coincide with variation of hull gesture of high speed vessel on voyage. The simulation of the models of S60 ship and a trimaran moving in towing tank with high speed are conducted by using the above theory and technique. The corresponding numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. It indicates that the resistance prediction for high speed vessels should take hull gesture into consideration and the dynamic mesh method proposed here is effective in calculating the resistance of high speed vessels.     

泄水建筑物过流壁面不平整体初生空化与空蚀研究述评

泄水建筑物过流壁面不平整体初生空化与空蚀的研究进展，本文作了扼要的综述与评论。内容包括不平整度的定义及其初生空化与空蚀的理论分析、试验研究、比尺效应和理论预测，以及尚存在的问题。文中也包括了作者在上述工作中所作的研究和相应的看法。     

Application of the LP-DP approach to Andong and Imha parallel reservoirs,Korea

This paper presents an application of a previously developed linear programming-dynamic programming (LP-DP) methodology to the operation of Andong and Imha parallel reservoirs in South Korea. The model allows for multioptimization of power generation and municipal, industrial, and irrigation water use. It is shown that the annual average energy and the annual average water supply generated from the joint operation of the two parallel reservoirs by the LD-DP approach is 15.2 and 1.7% more than the contracted power production and water supply respectively.     

三峡溢流坝段动力模型试验研究

利用大型三向六自由度地震模拟振动台，对我国三峡工程溢流坝段进行了动力模型试验，试验真实模拟了复杂的大坝结构及坝体与库水的动力相互作用。在全面分析了大坝的动力特性其在多类地震输入下的地震反应后，对大坝的抗震安全性作出评估，得出了一些可作为设计今年依据的有益结论。