大宁调蓄水库蓄水后生态环境效益分析

南水北调工程的建成通水,改变了北京城市供水格局,给北京带来了巨大的效益,生态环境效益就是其中重要一环。分析北京市南水北调配套工程生态环境效益的组成,科学地计算和评估生态效益,对于未来北京市南水北调配套工程效益的发挥、工程的运行管理、首都水务事业的发展有着重要意义,大宁调蓄水库是北京市南水北调配套工程之一,经计算,大宁调蓄水库蓄水后生态环境总效益为34176.29万元。计算方法也可为类似工程生态环境效益的估算提供参考。     

丹江生态流量计算研究

丹江是汉江的重要支流,水力资源较为丰富,在河南省境内丹江干流上建有两座小型水电站,水力发电效益较好,但对下游河道生态造成了不利影响。本文根据实测流量资料,采用水文学方法进行河道生态流量计算,提出丹江干流水电站下泄生态流量要求及保障措施,为丹江河南段的水生态保护提供借鉴和参考。     

Analysis of the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment of the nature reserve

With the gradual attention of the state to the protection of natural ecological environment, the planning and layout of the nature reserve will overlap with some coal mine areas. In order to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, it is necessary to study the impact of mining on the ecological environment of the nature reserve. Through the methods of GIS and RS, and evaluation o f ecological protection index system, the differences and impacts of ecological environment changes before and after the planning of the nature reserve are analyzed. The results show that since 2002, the effect of water collection and artificial soil and water conservation measures on improving the ecological environment of vegetation are obvious, the dominant species of vegetation type in the overlapping area of coal mine and nature reserve have changed from grass vegetation to shrub vegetation, inwhich the area of arbor forest land has increased significantly, the veetationcoverage in the overlapping area has also increased considerably . The intensity of soil erosion has decreased year by year after mining the coal resources. Postharvest hydraulic erosion intensity is mainly below mild, and the area of artificial soil and water conservation has increased significantly. T he negative impact of the ground subsidence caused by coal mining on the ecological environment is less than the positive effect brought by artificial soil and waterconservation measures, and it is generally developing in a more stable direction. The ecological protection status index increased fr om 32. 98 to 45.94, and the change degree of ecological protection status in nature reserves is 12.9 ≥10. T he ecological protection status of the nature reserve improved significantly. On the basis of ecological environment protection and restoration measures in the nature reserve, coal mines need to further study the comprehensive impact of human activitieson the ecological environment of the nature reserve.     

成都市水生态足迹的时间分布特征及其影响因素

为了加强对成都市水资源可持续利用的规划与管理,运用水生态足迹计算模型分析成都市2000-2016年水生态足迹变化,并基于LMDI分解法分析成都市水生态足迹影响因素。结果显示,成都市水资源总量生态足迹逐年增大,2012年以后略有下降;农业用水在整个用水结构中占比最高,生态足迹最高;其次为工业用水、生活用水、生态用水占比。成都市2000-2016年水生态承载力先增大后降低,水生态盈余(赤字)逐年增大,万元GDP水生态足迹逐年下降,水资源负载指数逐年提高。说明成都市水资源利用程度高、利用效率高,但开发潜力小,水资源供给压力依然巨大。从影响因素的结构性分析来看,经济因素发挥主导作用,结构因素的抑制作用还未显现,人口因素的促进作用不够显著,技术因素的抑制作用显著。     

Optimal Environmental Policy Differentials in Open Economies under Emissions Constraints

Is there a case for preferential treatment of the exposed sector in an economy when compliance to an aggregate emissions constraint induced by an international environmental agreement is mandatory? This question is being debated in many countries in the context of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. We address the issue in a general equilibrium framework and theoretically cover several market structures, including perfect competition, the large country case and oligopoly. We identify the conditions under which preferential treatment of the exposed sector is not warranted from the point of view of maximizing social welfare. In addition, we demonstrate that in the case of oligopoly, instituting a more stringent environmental policy on the exposed sector might be profit-enhancing for this sector. This finding lends theoretical support to a specific interpretation of the Porter hypothesis.     

人.自然.社会—生态悖论思考之一

本文提出了生态悖论的概念，分析其产生的原因、实质、解决的方法以及对生态学和生态经济学理论发展所起的作用。     

退耕还林（草）生态补偿实施现状与问题分析——以甘肃省定西市安定区为例

为了建立合理的国家生态补偿机制，了解现阶段生态补偿中存在的问题，我们运用PRA（Participatory rule appraisal）即参与性农村评估和传统的问卷调查相结合的方法，通过对研究区内生态建设补偿措施实施过程中的现状研究、问题分析，发现本区在实施退耕还林（草）生态补偿中的主要问题是仍然没有有效解决生态补偿的三个基本问题：补偿主体、补偿强度、补偿资金来源。生态补偿处于初级阶段，没有形成制度化、法律化，有必要在政策、法律层面建立比较完善的生态补偿机制。     

构建自然与社会相协调的生态经济城市

城市走经济生态化发展之路,是人类文明进步的标志,是其自身发展的方向。近年来,我国很多城市都提出了建设生态经济城市。本文在结合我国国情的基础上,提出了建设生态经济城市的对策和设想,以期推动我国城市生态化和生态经济城市建设工作的开展。     

东西部地区之间公益林生态补偿负担与分摊

由于东部和西部地区之间自然和社会经济条件的差别，在公益林生态补偿问题上将会存在严重的地区之间生态建设责任与利益不平衡．因此需要建立地区之间的财政支付方式来平衡这种不公平状况．以利于公益林生态补偿制度的建立和完善。     

发展电子商务面临的问题与障碍分析

针对目前电子商务发展过程中出现的问题,笔者提出了要用科学的发展观对待和解决信息时代出现的网络经济新问题。在对我国电子商务发展现状以及问题与障碍进行详细分析的基础上,提出了解决问题的对策与思路。