青海湖生态环境演变与稳定性

根据长系列水文模型模拟结果,对青海湖的环境演变进行了分析,利用一阶周期性自回归模型对青海湖水位变化趋势及其对湖泊生态的影响进行了预测。结果表明:青海湖多年平均亏缺水量为3.31亿m3,近10 a来增温幅度较大时期的亏缺水量为5.19亿m3;保持青海湖生态稳定的关键物种为青海湖裸鲤,盐度是决定青海湖裸鲤繁殖和生长的关键环境要素,其阈值为16.8‰;考虑气候变化的影响时,青海湖水位在未来30 a会继续下降,水位阈值为3 190.25 m,2030年水位最低,为3 191.35 m,此后水位开始小幅度回升并逐渐趋稳;不考虑气候变化的影响时,预计未来30 a内青海湖水位仍会持续下降,之后下降趋势开始变缓并趋于稳定,2100年左右稳定在3 192.25 m;两种预测结果都没有下降到青海湖生态稳定的水位阈值,因此未来青海湖生态系统的稳定性不受影响。     

长江流域大型水库实施生态调度方法框架研究

为减缓水库运行对河流生态环境的影响,开展生态调度已成为流域管理的一项重要内容。结合长江流域水利工程与生态环境背景,探讨了水库生态调度相关概念和主要调度内容;分析了生态调度与常规兴利调度的关系;从生态影响辨析、生态目标设定、生态流量确定、调度方案设计、经济可行性、生态监测反馈等方面探讨实施生态调度的方法框架;最后探讨长江流域生态调度面临的主要困难。研究结果将为长江流域未来实施生态调度提供一定的参考。     

水生态文明的内涵及评价体系探讨

阐述了水生态文明的概念和内涵,提出了由两个系统（水生态系统及社会经济系统）、6个对象类型及20个指标共3层构成的水生态文明多层评价指标体系。在评价方法方面,引入了弹性分级评分系统。分级评价标准考虑了我国不同地区的自然和经济社会特点,将水生态文明状况划分为五级,以体现不同地区水生态文明的差异性。     

浙江省丽水市瓯江水生态系统保护与修复

介绍浙江省丽水市瓯江水生态系统现状,根据瓯江水生态系统保护与修复的目标,提出瓯江水生态系统保护与修复的措施：对土地利用进行分级控制,构建水生态系统安全格局,编制瓯江水生态系统的保护与修复总体规划,分段实施水生态系统保护与修复,开展瓯江水生态系统保护与修复的制度与机制建设。此外,总结了瓯江水生态系统保护与修复工作的成效与存在问题。     

稻田磷素流失及其环境效应分析

根据稻田磷素流失和环境效应的研究成果,对稻田磷素运移规律和环境效应进行了分析和总结.对磷素在稻田土壤和径流中的迁移方式和规律,稻田磷素流失的机理和影响因素、稻田磷素流失的环境效应以及相应的研究方法和控制措施进行了初步探讨,并结合国内外的实际提出稻田磷素研究领域的研究重点.     

Firms’ willingness to invest in a water fund to improve water-related ecosystem services in the Lake Naivasha basin,Kenya

A valuation scenario was designed using a contingent-valuation approach and presented to decision makers in business firms in Kenya’s Lake Naivasha basin to test how applicable a water fund might be as a potential financing mechanism for a payment for water-related ecosystem services scheme. The findings indicate that measuring a firm’s willingness to invest in ecosystem services could help determine whether a firm would invest and engage with other stakeholders to pool their investments in ecosystem services. Linking the institutional decision-making behaviour of a firm and its willingness to invest in a water fund is the novelty of this article.     

水的生态服务功能内涵与 评价方法初探

从水的生态服务功能的机理出发,深入剖析了其内涵与水的两层次生态服务结构,并在此基础上构建评价水的生态服务功能的指标体系,介绍了评价流域水的生态服务功能的主要方法;最后提出了维系流域水的生态服务功能主要思路与手段,为水的生态服务功能研究提供了新思路与新方法。     

水土保持在治理北京空气可吸入颗粒物PM2.5工作中的作用及思考

随着国家工业化、城镇化、现代化发展步伐的加快,统筹生态系统、经济系统和社会管理系统协调发展的任务更加艰巨,水土保持作为研究水、土两大生态基础资源,推进构建由水资源、土地资源和植被资源共同组成的区域或流域生态系统良性演进的学科,在落实科学发展的征程上作用将更大、任务将更艰巨、意义将更深远.通过分析空气中PM2.5的成因,指出了北京治理PM2.5面临的严峻挑战,提出了发挥水土保持作用治理PM2.5的微观、中观、宏观思路.     

Conservation finance and sustainable tourism: the acceptability of conservation fees to support the Tambopata National Reserve,Peru

Protected areas are key to the conservation of global biodiversity and ecosystem services; however, their success is contingent upon adequate funding. One possibility to increase funding for park management is to “sell” a wider suite of ecosystem services “produced” by protected areas, such as carbon sequestration. We conducted 420 tourist surveys to analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem service benefits via a conservation fee in the Tambopata National Reserve in Peru. We also interviewed eight tour operators about their perceptions of the proposed fee. The average stated WTP was 15 USD. Sixty-six percent of tourists stated they would pay 10 USD or more, which, if actually paid, would have resulted in 318,000 USD for park management in 2015. Most respondents stated they would pay an additional fee if it supported biodiversity conservation or local ecosystem services, such as water, but less than 10% of tourists were motivated by carbon sequestration as a reason to pay the fee. Most tour operators supported the additional fee. Our findings suggest that tourists are willing to pay higher fees to support conservation but that interest in paying for additional ecosystem services from parks may not extend to global and intangible benefits such as carbon sequestration.     

How to overcome the implementation gap in ecosystem services? A user-friendly and inclusive tool for improved urban management

One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in concrete operational decision-making contexts; that is, an implementation gap. In this study, we investigated if this gap could be overcome through the use of open-source data and free tools, and the adoption of a short-term participatory process. We tested these methods in the context of a project in the urban metropolitan area of Bordeaux (Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux: CUB) in France. The ecosystem services were defined using a participatory approach involving local stakeholders, and then selected scenarios were simulated to test the impact of various development or conservation plans. The study addressed three main questions: (1) Is it possible to adopt a simple methodological approach that overcomes the implementation gap through the development of a user-friendly and inclusive method? (2) What is the added value of a participatory approach? (3) With regards to four scenarios in this territory, what are the ES trends in the selected biophysical and monetary indicators, and will knowledge of these trends help planners to shape a sustainable trajectory for the territory?