功能对等理论和科技英语翻译

本文对奈达的功能对等理论进行了分析,通过实例证明对等理论对科技英语翻译具有切实可行的指导意义。文章从科技英语的语言特点出发,探讨了在功能对等理论指导下,英汉科技翻译需要遵循的原则。     

Equilibrium transformations and the Revenue Equivalence Theorem

I develop a method that transforms an equilibrium strategy profile from one auction to another. The method is constructive and does not require complicated computation. This provides a new approach to revenue equivalence and extends the theorem to domains where it had not previously been known, in particular to simultaneous multiple object auctions with complete information and to auction environments having correlated private values and common values.     

读译作佳品 习翻译技巧——英汉语言对比研究

本文主要讨论的是如何通过语言现象所在的具体语言环境深刻理解原文 ,并用对比分析的方法探讨译文的确切表达 ,实现翻译的交际目的。     

Measuring the costs of children: parametric and semiparametric estimators1

How much additional income does a family with four children need to attain the same welfare level as a family with two children? And how much does a single person need compared to a childless couple? These questions are important in applied micro-economics and underlie public policy on, for example, social benefits and child allowances. In microeconomics, this is known as the problem of measuring equivalence scales. We estimate these scales using two types of subjective survey information. First, we use answers to survey questions on the income required to attain a given utility level. We compare the results for the usual linear model with semiparametric estimates, in which the functional form of the relationship between required income and family size and actual income is left unspecified. Second, we use answers to the question: how satisfied are you with actual household income? We present parametric and semiparametric estimates for ordered response models explaining this discrete variable. We find that according to the second type of information, costs of children are much larger than according to the first.     

基于删余等效的高码率卷积码的低复杂度译码方法

根据删余卷积码具有较低的译码复杂度这一特征，提出了一种适用于普通高码率卷积码的低复杂度译码方法。通过多项式生成矩阵表示法，推导了删余卷积码的等效多项式生成矩阵，给出了等效多项式生成矩阵的计算准则。在分析删余卷积码与相同码率普通卷积码的等效关系和区别的基础上，提出了高码率卷积码的删余等效并给出了计算高码率卷积码删余等效后原始码和删余矩阵的方法。以原始码和删余矩阵构成的删余等效结构为译码基础，实现了高码率卷积码的低复杂度译码，其译码复杂度与原始码相当。仿真结果表明，删余等效译码方法相对于正常译码方法，其性能损失很小。     

Does Ricardian Equivalence Hold When Expectations Are Not Rational?

This paper considers the Ricardian Equivalence proposition when expectations are not rational and are instead formed using adaptive learning rules. We show that Ricardian Equivalence continues to hold provided suitable additional conditions on learning dynamics are satisfied. However, new cases of failure can also emerge under learning. In particular, for Ricardian Equivalence to obtain, agents’ expectations must not depend on government’s financial variables under deficit financing.     

Like Father,Like Son: Inheriting and Bequeathing

This paper incorporates indirect reciprocal behavior in the context of bequeathing decisions into an otherwise standard OLG model. We provide conditions for the existence of a unique steady state with operative bequests. Contrary to standard OLG models, we show that taking into account such behavioral interactions allows one to rationalize both an increasing and U‐shaped pattern of the inheritance to GDP ratio over time, consistent with recent empirical evidence. Moreover, the model predicts a nonlinear (U‐shaped) relationship between the size of an unfunded social security program and the long‐run stock of per capita capital, which in turn provides a novel explanation of the inconclusive empirical findings on the relationship between social security, savings and long‐run growth. Ricardian equivalence is shown to hold in a special case of the model     

Adjusting for family size in the supplemental poverty measure

We point out an anomaly in the adjustment for family size in the US Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). The equivalence scale for the SPM implies an instance of increasing marginal costs for an additional adult. A similar criticism of the official US poverty measure was one of several concerns that led to the creation of the SPM. We propose two possible solutions for the problem and show that eliminating the anomaly from the SPM has the greatest effect on the poverty rate for the elderly, as that group is more concentrated near the poverty line.     

Exploring different nationality perceptions of airport service quality

In order to attain a sustainable competitive advantage, airports should strive to enhance multicultural passenger satisfaction through the provision of high quality services. The purpose of the current study is to determine the specific service quality components that can lead to increased traveler satisfaction in an international airport environment, and to evaluate the degree to which passenger perceptions of airport facilities, as well as levels of satisfaction, vary according to different nationalities. In order to achieve this objective, this paper examines the equivalence of service quality and satisfaction measures by applying the Rasch modelling technique. Airport service quality is found to be comprised of three distinct dimensions, namely “Servicescape and Image”, “Signage” and ”Services” and significant differences with service quality perceptions are exhibited among travelers of different nationalities. Overall, the results highlight the need to assess scale equivalence across different nationalities.     

政府支出对居民消费的影响——对Barro-Ricardo等价之谜的中国经验分析

本文基于居民消费跨期最优化分析框架,从理论及实证角度分析了政府支出对居民消费的影响。理论研究表明,政府支出对居民消费的影响主要取决于消费者相对风险规避系数及私人消费支出与政府支出之间的相关系数。并以中国为例,在李嘉图等价框架下从经验角度考察了中国政府支出对居民消费的影响。短期内,李嘉图等价不成立,政府支出与居民消费呈互补关系,即政府支出增加将导致居民消费增加。尤其需要注意的是,与通过征税来增加政府支出相比,通过发行国债增加政府支出对总需求的扩张效应更大,积极的财政政策在我国是有效的。但在长期中,政府支出将完全挤占居民消费支出,因而支出政策不宜用于实现政府的长期经济目标。