一种工程实用的动态等值方法

研究同时包含特高压交流和特高压直流华东电网的动态特性有必要搭建电磁仿真平台。为提高电磁平台仿真效率,在保持电网原有动态特性的前提下,在机电暂态仿真环境下对原有网络中非关注的和低电压等级网络分别进行了等值,从而达到缩减规模的目的。采用同调等值法进行外网等值,基于受扰轨迹主导群方法识别同调群,并通过弱化励磁系统调压能力和调整原动机调速系统的调频能力,对等值机的参数进行了修正。对低电压等级网络等值时,首次提出了按与直流关联紧密程度不同而采用不同的工程实用等值方法,兼顾了等值效果和仿真效率。     

基于优化理论的刚体极限平衡模型

 对于具有多个滑移面的滑动岩体, 在采用“等K法”进行刚体极限平衡分析时, 一般认为通过相邻两个滑移面的交线存在一个错动面。 常规的做法是假设错动面为垂直面, 而这种做法缺乏理论依据。 笔者根据滑体稳定原理, 以错动面倾角作为设计变量, 取稳定安全系数为目标函数, 利用优化方法, 找出最小安全系数K及其对应的错动面倾角。 研究结果表明, 在多数情况下尤其是相邻滑移面上参数的数量级接近时, 取错动面为垂直面后所求得的安全系数为最小。 从而验证了常规做法有一定的合理性, 使其更具有明确的数学和物理意义。 并用该方法分析了某重点工程#3厂房坝段基岩深层抗滑稳定性。     

An Accounting Method for Economic Growth

As Chari et al. (2007) indicate, many growth theories explaining frictions in real economies are equivalent to a competitive economy, with some exogenous taxes. Using this idea, I developed an accounting method for identifying fundamental causes of economic growth. A two-sector neoclassical growth model with taxes is used as a prototype economy, and its equilibrium conditions define wedges. These wedges endogenously determine the long run growth rate, which is exogenous and not correlated with any other variables in a one-sector growth model. Furthermore, the importance of wedges in explaining the long-run growth rate can be evaluated through the use of a prototype economy. Applying this method to fifty countries reveals that, among seven wedges, two wedges that are respectively associated with the production function and the Euler equation for human capital are important in explaining economic growth.     

谈公示语英译中的伪翻译问题

公示语的伪翻译表现为译文表面形式与原文一致而实际意义却完全不同。为避免伪翻译,译者应把握语境角色认知,既要照顾文化适应性,又要照顾读者的接受能力及审美判断,增强跨文化交际意识,提高译文质量。     

坝体保温层的等效模拟及保温效果分析

针对目前保温层设计施工中工程经验占主导而数值仿真研究相对较少的情况,基于大型商业有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对某工程保温层进行有限元分析计算。采用参数等效算法,在同一模型上计算不同厚度(1.5 cm,2.5 cm,5.0 cm)保温层防护下的坝体温度场及应力场。分析结果表明:①统计特征点在无保温层时的年内温差较大;铺设保温层后,年内温度变幅显著降低;保温效果随着保温层厚度的增大而逐渐增强;铺设5.0 cm厚的聚苯板保温层可将统计特征点的年内最大温差由15.47℃减小为6.30℃。②在无保温层保护的情况下,下游坝面出现大面积的拉应力区,最大拉应力值超出混凝土的抗拉强度;增加保温层后,坝体下游面应力状况得到明显改善,拉应力区减小且拉应力值随保温层厚度的增加而逐渐减小;铺设5.0 cm厚的聚苯板保温层可将拉应力值由未加保温层时的2.73MPa减小为1.46MPa。     

Legacy contaminant-stable isotope-age relationships in Lake Ontario year-class Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) are the preferred prey species of the top piscivore predators in the Lake Ontario food web and are an essential constituent in the bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants. Year-class samples collected in 2016 represent the alewife age ranges of 2015 (Age-01) sequentially dating back to 2008 (Age-08). The most abundant contaminant measured in Lake Ontario alewife (151.5 ng/g) were total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increasing at a rate of 11.8 ng/g per year on an age-averaged concentration basis. Total mercury demonstrated the largest percent increase (240%) accumulated over alewife ages of 1–8 years. Average total concentrations of the most abundant polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1.3 pg/g) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran (2378-TCDF), 6.6 pg/g) comprised most of the overall total dioxin (2.5 pg/g) and total furan concentrations (8.7 pg/g). The vast majority (69%) of alewife total toxic equivalence (TEQ) was comprised of the non-ortho coplanar PCBs. Both mammal and avian wildlife protection values based on total TEQ were uniformly exceeded for the dioxin-like compounds measured in Lake Ontario alewife. Ontogenetic dietary influences expressed a significant impact on Age-01 alewife age-contaminant relationships and age-stable isotope concentrations and trends for legacy contaminants. Total Hg and all dioxin-like contaminants did not demonstrate the Age-01 ontogenetic dietary effects found in legacy contaminants. A prominent polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) concentration peak measured in year-class Age-04 alewife was followed by a corresponding lake trout peak 3–4 years later illustrating a unique example of trophic-level contaminant uptake and concomitant integration delay.     

从καρπov的翻译看汉译圣经功能对等理论翻译策略

功能对等翻译理论打破了以往从“源语”、“译语”两方面入手研究翻译问题的传统,开始把目光转向“读者反应”,这也给圣经汉译带来新的气象。通过对和合本与现代中文译本圣经对希腊语单词καρπov的汉译比较可以看出,功能对等理论背景下特殊的翻译技巧与处理方法,如取消比喻修辞手法采用直说,暗喻修辞手法转译为汉语熟语表达,依据中国人认知习惯改变限定语,依据汉语表达习惯抽象概念转译为具体概念等。     

Reconciling user costs and rental equivalence: Evidence from the US consumer expenditure survey

Previous research [Verbrugge, Randal, 2008a. The puzzling divergence of aggregate rents and user costs, 1980–2004. The Review of Income and Wealth 54(4), 671–699] demonstrated that housing rents and ex ante user costs diverge markedly for extended periods of time, a finding with profound implications for income and inflation measurement. But the primary data sources in that study were various indexes, based upon largely disjoint data sources, constructed using different aggregation techniques, and each subject to various criticisms. This raised doubts about the quality of the comparison. The relationship between user costs and rents might well be much tighter at the micro level; after all, house prices and rents (and their growth rates) can vary dramatically within cities, and rents are notoriously sticky. Furthermore, the use of indexes precludes both cross-sectional and dollar cost comparisons. In this study, we use Consumer Expenditure Interview Survey (CE) data to examine the relationship between user costs and rents at the individual unit-level, in dollars, using unit-level information on house value, rent, taxes, and the like. This allows us to accurately estimate unit-specific user costs and to control for unobservables like structure and neighborhood quality. We also make the point that in theory, after-tax user costs should equal net rent, i.e., expected rental income, rather than gross rent.Our findings are striking. In keeping with most previous research, we find tremendous divergence between conventional measures of user costs and net rents, thus ruling out index construction errors as a possible explanation. This divergence does not result from a faulty rent measure: we find that reported rents are sensible, in that they move similarly to official rent indexes, and are not simply out-of-pocket expenses. Instead, and most perplexing, we find a surprisingly close correspondence between net rents and a particular estimate of user costs, one implicitly assuming zero transactions costs and constructed using an appreciation measure that is both theoretically suspect and empirically a poor predictor of actual appreciation.     

中国—东盟商务文本的翻译研究

随着中国—东盟合作的推进,中国—东盟商务文本的翻译显得日益重要。基于德国功能翻译理论的相关原理,结合具体的翻译实例,提出在进行中国—东盟商务文本翻译三个原则,即功能对等原则、文体对等原则和术语、专有名词对等原则。在具体的翻译实践中,译者应该遵循这三条原则,采取适当的翻译策略,实现文本在译语文化环境中的预期功能,达到宣传、交流和合作的目的。     

Replica core equivalence theorem: An extension of the Debreu–Scarf limit theorem to double infinity monetary economies

An overlapping generations model with the double infinity of commodities and agents is the most fundamental framework to introduce outside money into a static economic model. In this model, competitive equilibria may not necessarily be Pareto-optimal. Although Samuelson (1958) emphasized the role of fiat money as a certain kind of social contract, we cannot characterize it as a cooperative game-theoretic solution like the core. In this paper, we obtained a finite replica core characterization of Walrasian equilibrium allocations under non-negative wealth transfer and a core-limit characterization of Samuelson’s social contrivance of money. Preferences are not necessarily assumed to be ordered.