Estimation of Equivalence Scales Under Convertible Rationing

This paper provides estimates of equivalence scales based on three Quadratic Almost Ideal type models of the food share with coupon resale, and on their extended versions. A chief feature of the models is the method of dealing with infrequency of zero expenditure on coupon goods through imputation. The models are applied to an Iranian wartime budget survey. The results indicate little scope for measurement error. However, they also reveal a strong cross‐section price effect, which proves robust to a variety of checks. The effect of price heterogeneity proves critical in identification of the scale estimates, providing relatively rare empirical evidence consistent with the Base Independence (BI) hypothesis. The BI food share estimates of cost of children have plausible values.     

翻译对等理论在英语习语翻译中的运用

习语是英汉两种语言中共有的语言现象,又因其承载着一定的文化信息成为一种文化现象。习语的翻译会因为英汉文化的差异而有别于其他语言材料的翻译。     

国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究

不同语言是不同文化的载体,所以在商务英语的翻译,只有注重文化信息在商务英语翻译中的传递,克服异国文化的障碍,做到文化信息的对等,才能准确的翻译传达信息。文章通过翻译理论分析影响等值翻译的文化差异,比较英汉文化思维差异及其在语言表达上的具体体现,探讨了对翻译文化信息等值理论的理解及其在英汉互译中的具体运用。     

农用地分等与定级成果在耕地占补平衡中应用研究--以河南省南阳市为例

运用农用地分等与定级成果来考核耕地占补平衡,可以实现耕地数量与质量并重的双赢效果。在用分等成果探讨了耕地占补平衡中等级折算的标准样地法后以南阳市为例,从农用地等指数、定级指数、作物产量等方面入手,用产量指数法分析论证了耕地占补平衡的耕地级别占补当量系数,并在此基础上运用替代原理,构建了耕地占补当量影响因素修正体系及修正系数表,给出具体应用方法,为耕地的占用与补充之间换算关系提供参考,在转化应用农用地分等定级成果上做了一些有益探索。     

Investment decisions when utility depends on wealth and other attributes

The problem of optimal investment under a multivariate utility function allows for an investor to obtain utility not only from wealth, but other (possibly correlated) attributes. In this paper we implement multivariate mixtures of exponential (mixex) utility to address this problem. These utility functions allow for stochastic risk aversions to differing states of the world. We derive some new results for certainty equivalence in this context. By specifying different distributions for stochastic risk aversions, we are able to derive many known, plus several new utility functions, including models of conditional certainty equivalence and multivariate generalisations of HARA utility, which we call dependent HARA utility. Focusing on the case of asset returns and attributes being multivariate normal, we optimise the asset portfolio, and find that the optimal portfolio consists of the Markowitz portfolio and hedging portfolios. We provide an empirical illustration for an investor with a mixex utility function of wealth and sentiment.     

A test of the permanent income hypothesis on Czech voucher privatization

In 1992 the Czech Republic privatized state assets, which resulted in some citizens receiving an unexpected windfall. Whether the windfall was consumed or saved provides a clear test of the permanent income hypothesis in a transitional economy. Analysis of data from a survey conducted specifically to test this hypothesis indicates that only a small number of transferred assets were consumed, a finding which is consistent with the permanent income hypothesis. JEL classification: D31, E21, H24.     

译文与原文的对等度——兼评培根On Studies的三种译文

本文认为译文只可能一定程度上在文体、语义、美学、知识、语体等方面与原文对等,对等度越大,译文就越好。并简要地比较了王佐良、水天同和何新对培根On Studies一文所作的三种不同翻译。     

Equivalizing Incomes: A Normative Approach

The paper deals with the comparisonof living standards and investigates two normative methods ofderiving equivalizing transformations for a population whichhas different household types. The first one equates the utilitylevels of representative household members belonging to differenthouseholds. The second method evaluates the well-being of householdsby a social welfare ordering defined by means of household utilityfunctions. The methods can determine the implicit normative assumptionsinvolved in conducting distributional analysis using any equivalizingtransformation. In particular income-level dependent equivalencescales can be founded in this framework. The assumptions underlyingboth approaches are examined and compared.     

Research on the hydrodynamic characteristics of cavitating grid fins

1. INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of the grid fin in the mid- 1980s, it has been indicated that the use of grid fin as an innovative aerodynamic stabilizer and/or a control surface has some advantages when compared with the conventional planar fin [1…     

Legacy contaminant-stable isotope-age relationships in Lake Ontario year-class Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) are the preferred prey species of the top piscivore predators in the Lake Ontario food web and are an essential constituent in the bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants. Year-class samples collected in 2016 represent the alewife age ranges of 2015 (Age-01) sequentially dating back to 2008 (Age-08). The most abundant contaminant measured in Lake Ontario alewife (151.5 ng/g) were total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increasing at a rate of 11.8 ng/g per year on an age-averaged concentration basis. Total mercury demonstrated the largest percent increase (240%) accumulated over alewife ages of 1–8 years. Average total concentrations of the most abundant polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1.3 pg/g) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran (2378-TCDF), 6.6 pg/g) comprised most of the overall total dioxin (2.5 pg/g) and total furan concentrations (8.7 pg/g). The vast majority (69%) of alewife total toxic equivalence (TEQ) was comprised of the non-ortho coplanar PCBs. Both mammal and avian wildlife protection values based on total TEQ were uniformly exceeded for the dioxin-like compounds measured in Lake Ontario alewife. Ontogenetic dietary influences expressed a significant impact on Age-01 alewife age-contaminant relationships and age-stable isotope concentrations and trends for legacy contaminants. Total Hg and all dioxin-like contaminants did not demonstrate the Age-01 ontogenetic dietary effects found in legacy contaminants. A prominent polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) concentration peak measured in year-class Age-04 alewife was followed by a corresponding lake trout peak 3–4 years later illustrating a unique example of trophic-level contaminant uptake and concomitant integration delay.