Legacy contaminant-stable isotope-age relationships in Lake Ontario year-class Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) are the preferred prey species of the top piscivore predators in the Lake Ontario food web and are an essential constituent in the bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants. Year-class samples collected in 2016 represent the alewife age ranges of 2015 (Age-01) sequentially dating back to 2008 (Age-08). The most abundant contaminant measured in Lake Ontario alewife (151.5 ng/g) were total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increasing at a rate of 11.8 ng/g per year on an age-averaged concentration basis. Total mercury demonstrated the largest percent increase (240%) accumulated over alewife ages of 1–8 years. Average total concentrations of the most abundant polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1.3 pg/g) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomer (2378-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran (2378-TCDF), 6.6 pg/g) comprised most of the overall total dioxin (2.5 pg/g) and total furan concentrations (8.7 pg/g). The vast majority (69%) of alewife total toxic equivalence (TEQ) was comprised of the non-ortho coplanar PCBs. Both mammal and avian wildlife protection values based on total TEQ were uniformly exceeded for the dioxin-like compounds measured in Lake Ontario alewife. Ontogenetic dietary influences expressed a significant impact on Age-01 alewife age-contaminant relationships and age-stable isotope concentrations and trends for legacy contaminants. Total Hg and all dioxin-like contaminants did not demonstrate the Age-01 ontogenetic dietary effects found in legacy contaminants. A prominent polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) concentration peak measured in year-class Age-04 alewife was followed by a corresponding lake trout peak 3–4 years later illustrating a unique example of trophic-level contaminant uptake and concomitant integration delay.     

Knock-out for descriptive utility or experimental-design error?

Using an experimental design of stating equivalent probabilities for 252 stimulus lottery pairs, Chechile and Cooke (1997) alleged to have refuted generic-utility theory which itself comprises many modern utility theories. The present paper systematically investigates the feasibility of the Chechile-Cooke experimental design using numerical methods. We examine 1,277 utility setups (involving 17 parameter sets for four probability-weighting functions and 11 parameter sets for three component utility functions) which represent ten different utility theories. Our results demonstrate that on average for more than one third of all stimulus lottery pairs no equivalent probabilities exist. That is, the Chechile-Cooke experimental design prevents subjects from stating their true probability equivalents. Therefore, they cannot claim to have refuted generic-utility theory and the members of its family.This paper was submitted to theJournal of Risk and Uncertainty on January 14, 1999. It was, however, rejected on April 16, 1999.     

功能对等在《荷塘月色》翻译中的适用性

《荷塘月色》文字优美、风格灵活。朱纯深的译例从词汇和句法两层面揭示:只要透彻理解原文,把汉语表达中的风格转化为具体的英语表达,原文中的信息和美感是可以最大限度在译文中体现出来的。     

欧洲会计准则等效机制与我国的应对

2008年底欧盟议会通过了欧盟证券监管委员会关于第三国会计准则等效的建议,在2009年年初至2011年年底三年内,将中国在内的六个国家的会计准则认定为与国际财务报告准则等效。回顾了欧盟会计等效认定机制的形成过程,并着重分析了由欧盟证券监管委员会所掌管的技术认定程序,介绍中国在寻求会计准则国际趋同过程中的努力及寻求等效的障碍。     

中国菜名语词描写功能与翻译

传统汉语语法对词的分类方法是从印欧语系语法体系直接引进而来,然而汉语自身所具有的音系、语词、句法结构特征都明显地区别于印欧语系,致使汉语语法对词的分类不能＂恰当＂地切合汉语语料分析,并造成汉语的词性分类与词的句法功能＂两张皮＂。这也长期困扰着中国菜名的语词研究。从功能对等理论来分析,由于英汉两种语言在语词与句法结构方面存在明显的差异,在中国菜名的翻译中出现了大量的＂过译＂现象。＂过译＂并不一定是真正的＂过度＂翻译,而是因英语与汉语语词与句法结构不同而形成的不同的表达方式,因此要区别对待。     

Allocating multiple units

Summary. This paper studies the allocation and rent distribution in multi-unit, combinatorial-bid auctions under complete information. We focus on the natural multi-unit analogue of the first-price auction, where buyers bid total payments, pay their bids, and where the seller allocates goods to maximize his revenue. While there are many equilibria in this auction, only efficient equilibria remain when the truthful equilibrium restriction of the menu-auction literature is used. Focusing on these equilibria we first show that the first-price auction just described is revenue and outcome equivalent to a Vickrey auction, which is the multi unit analogue of a second-price auction. Furthermore, we characterize these equilibria when valuations take a number of different forms: diminishing marginal valuations, increasing average valuations, and marginal valuations with single turning points. Received: December 23, 1999; revised version: December 10, 2001     

中国—东盟商务文本的翻译研究

随着中国—东盟合作的推进,中国—东盟商务文本的翻译显得日益重要。基于德国功能翻译理论的相关原理,结合具体的翻译实例,提出在进行中国—东盟商务文本翻译三个原则,即功能对等原则、文体对等原则和术语、专有名词对等原则。在具体的翻译实践中,译者应该遵循这三条原则,采取适当的翻译策略,实现文本在译语文化环境中的预期功能,达到宣传、交流和合作的目的。     

Heterogeneous Dynasties and the Political Economy of Public Debt

We consider a small open overlapping generations economy with descending altruism. Heterogeneity is introduced by assuming that each parent procreates a fixed proportion of selfish children. Altruistic parents can recognize the type of each child. There is no Ricardian equivalence and an active public intergenerational transfer policy is attractive to altruistic dynasty members, although there may be no unanimity among them. We display reasonable conditions for indirect preferences to be single-peaked and we apply the median voter theorem. We then describe political equilibrium paths and discuss their compatibility with the steady path of an underlying closed economy with autonomous labor productivity growth.
JEL classification : D 31; D 64; D 72; D 91; H 63