Core and Walrasian equilibria when agents' characteristics are extremely dispersed

Summary. It is shown that core-Walras equivalence fails whenever the commodity space is a non-separable Banach space. The interpretation is that a large number of agents guarantees core-Walras equivalence only if there is actually a large number of agents relative to the size of the commodity space. Otherwise a large number of agents means that agents' characteristics may be extremely dispersed, so that the standard theory of perfect competition fails. Supplementing the core-Walras non-equivalence result, it is shown that in the framework of economies with weakly compact consumption sets – as developed by Khan and Yannelis (1991) – the core is always non-empty, even if consumption sets are non-separable. December 12, 2001; revised version: December 6, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Thanks to E. Dierker, M. Nermuth, R. Tourky, and N. C. Yannelis for helpful discussions and suggestions, and thanks to a referee for comments which helped to improve the final version.     

冲积河流河型控制的模糊聚类方法在黄河下游应用

根据河型成因的输沙平衡程度理论假说和水沙项输沙平衡程度公式,用水沙项数作为河型控制的控制指标量,以花园口到夹河滩河段为例对控制指标量取值,采用模糊等价矩阵聚类方法对黄河下游花夹河段河型控制结果进行验算。冲积河流河型控制的模糊聚类方法在黄河下游花夹河段的应用结果表明,在水沙项数可以控制的条件下,河型是可以得到控制的。     

Evidence on the equivalence of the strategic and extensive form representation of games

Our experiment tests whether strategically equivalent representations of games produce equivalent behavior when actually played. We examine representative members of the class of generic 2×2 extensive form games of perfect information and the equivalent strategic form games. Systematic differences exist between subjects’ choices in the strategic and extensive form representations. These differences cannot be attributed to differences in subjects’ ability to do backwards induction, in the salience of interpersonal preferences, or in optimization premiums between the two game forms. Instead, subjects in the extensive form are consistently more likely to allow the other player to make a meaningful choice.     

No-envy in queueing problems

We explore the implications of no-envy(Foley 1967) in the context of queueing problems. We identify an easy way of checking whether a rule satisfies efficiencyand no-envy. The existence of such a rule can easily be established. Next, we ask whether there is a rule satisfying efficiency and no-envytogether with an additional solidarity requirement how agents should be affected as a consequence of changes in the waiting costs. However, there is no rule satisfying efficiency, noenvy, and either one of two cost monotonicity axioms. To remedy the situation, we propose modifications of no-envy, adjusted no-envyand backward/forward no-envy. Finally, we discuss whether three fairness requirements, no-envy, the identical preferences lower bound, and egalitarian equivalence, are compatible in this context.     

Local Public Debt with Overlapping Generations

Discussions of Ricardian equivalence for local public debt have generally centered on the role of land within a particular generation. This paper examines the full neutrality of local public debt in determining whether local public debt is neutral in the resource allocation between (1) mobile and immobile individuals who belong to the same generation, and between (2) individuals belonging to different generations. We find that local debt neutrality continues to hold across generations under migration.     

Revenue and optimality in unequal-sized share auctions

This paper analyzes unequal-sized share auctions with symmetric private-value buyers. The property that each buyer can win at most one unit, but variable-sized, makes share auctions situated between single-unit auctions and multiunit auctions. We calculate revenue and optimality of efficient share auctions and discuss how the optimal reserve valuation varies according to risk attitude towards share size.     

边坡稳定性广角度分析的等值面法

基于边坡稳定性广角度分析的理论、准则和方法，提出了以干扰能量为判据的边坡稳定性分析等值面法。该方法不仅从能量的观点给出了基于增稳内能与失稳外能比值的稳定安全系数，还将干扰能量法与等值面法结合起来，建立了用最小干扰能量等值面来确定潜在滑动面的方法。完善和改进了边坡稳定分析的理论和计算方法，为系统解决工程稳定性问题中的潜在滑面、危险滑向和最小安全系数提供了实用有效的方法。     

基于同调性的电动机动态聚合方法

电动机参数对电力系统仿真精度具有突出的影响,文中提出了一种电动机的动态聚合方法。该方法直接从电动机的机电模型出发,以机电模型方程中的时间常数等系数与初始滑差组成特征向量,采用模糊聚类方法将电动机进行分组;然后,对每组中电动机机电模型微分方程中的系数加权平均,得到一个聚合电动机三阶机电模型微分方程中的系数;最后,根据等值前后电动机吸收的有功、无功不变的准则,计算得到聚合后电动机的所有阻抗、初始滑差、惯性时间参数。算例表明该方法在动态过程中的误差较小,能够提高仿真精度。     

Tariff and quota equivalence in the presence of asymmetric information

This paper investigates the equivalence of optimal import tariffs and quotas in a Cournot duopoly model when firms have more information about demand than the domestic government. I consider a screening model in which the government offers the domestic firm different contracts from which to choose. I show that the availability and cost of obtaining correct information from the firm depends upon the choice of trade policy instrument. Asymmetric information thus destroys the equivalence of tariffs and quotas, which prevails under complete information, and has a profound impact on how government, firms, and consumers rank different trade policy instruments.     

Can PIGLOG preferences identify equivalence scales?

This paper clarifies the conditions under which PIGLOG and extended PIGLOG preferences can identify household equivalence scales. The results are of interest to practitioners who have to elect preferences suitable for welfare analysis. It also shows that independent of the base utility equivalence scales are the same whether the budget shares of the demand systems are linear or quadratic in log income. (JEL: D11, D13) The author is grateful to an anonymous referee for several helpful suggestions.