Questions about Change over Time in Cross-Cultural Organizational Research

Conceptually, the phenomena of interest in many organizational research questions are in fact about changes and processes that unfold in various ways over time. Unfortunately, longitudinal studies that explicitly assess change over time is generally lacking in organizational research and virtually absent in cross-cultural organizational research. The large majority of the literature on cross-cultural measurement in organizational research is focused exclusively on cross-sectional data, addressing cross-cultural differences in measurement and constructs without examining the temporal dimension of measurement and constructs. This article explicates nine fundamental questions about change over time and applies them to the study of changes over time in cross-cultural organizational research.     

太湖流域污染负荷模拟研究

通过研究太湖流域各种污染负荷的排放去向、排污当量和各种处理系数，将荷兰Delft水力学研究所研制的污染负荷模型应用于太湖流域，经过模型的率定和验证，其输出结果为太湖流域水质的模拟计算准备了完整的污染源强输入资料，不再需要繁杂地手工计算整理各种污染源强的输入资料。     

Optimal versus orthogonal and equivalent-estimation design of blocked and split-plot experiments

This article provides an overview of the recent literature on the design of blocked and split-plot experiments with quantitative experimental variables. A detailed literature study introduces the ongoing debate between an optimal design approach to constructing blocked and split-plot designs and approaches where the equivalence of ordinary least squares and generalized least squares estimates are envisaged. Examples where the competing design strategies lead to totally different designs are given, as well as examples in which the optimal experimental designs are orthogonally blocked or equivalent-estimation split-plot designs.     

Pensions for Singles and Couples

Retirement policies often seek to set pensions at levels that enable single and married pensioners to have the same standard of living. The existing literature on consumer equivalence scales provides little assistance in reaching this policy objective, as the estimated scales are both imprecise and reliant upon strong and opaque assumptions. This paper proposes an alternative modeling strategy which has low data requirements and involves the use of detailed, but transparent, assumptions about the extent of joint consumption of particular commodities. These assumptions are embedded in an economic model of household consumption and combined with household expenditure data to calculate consumer equivalence scales. It is estimated that, in 2003–04, Australian couples of Age Pension age who owned their own home needed expenditures between 1.32 and 1.60 times that of a single person. These scales were lower than those used in the pension system.     

翻译中民族色彩词汇的处理方法

语言作为文化的载体,反映着民族独特的文化传统,在翻译过程中往往会出现文化冲突现象。要使译文 既能保持原有的民族特色,又能被他国读者所理解接受,通常译者采用等值保留法、差值补注法、差值舍去法来处理 翻译中的民族色彩问题。     

英汉互译中的等值翻译

等值翻译理论强调译文和原文在表达上应达到等值效果 ,符合语言本身的要求。在英汉互译过程中我们可以通过直译、意译、概念转换和代换等方法来达到等值翻译 ,实现两种语言间的交流。     

Large economies and two-player games

We characterize the core and the competitive allocations of a continuum economy as strong Nash equilibria of an associated game with only two players.     

基于等值的电力系统机电暂态仿真并行异步算法

提出了一种基于等值的机电暂态稳定并行异步仿真新方法。该方法将系统按地理位置分区后的各子系统在每一时步进行相互等值,每个子系统利用其他子系统传递来的等值信息进行独立迭代计算;在每一时步的迭代过程中,各子系统只需1次相邻子系统的预测等值信息和校正等值信息;采用异步并行策略进行子系统间的等值信息传递和迭代,及时更新等值信息,从而加速迭代收敛。多个算例表明,文中的方法具有较快的计算速度和较高的计算效率,并具有工程可接受的仿真精度;对于一些大规模的实际系统,已实现实时或超实时仿真速度。     

基于同调性的电动机动态聚合方法

电动机参数对电力系统仿真精度具有突出的影响,文中提出了一种电动机的动态聚合方法。该方法直接从电动机的机电模型出发,以机电模型方程中的时间常数等系数与初始滑差组成特征向量,采用模糊聚类方法将电动机进行分组;然后,对每组中电动机机电模型微分方程中的系数加权平均,得到一个聚合电动机三阶机电模型微分方程中的系数;最后,根据等值前后电动机吸收的有功、无功不变的准则,计算得到聚合后电动机的所有阻抗、初始滑差、惯性时间参数。算例表明该方法在动态过程中的误差较小,能够提高仿真精度。     

边坡稳定性广角度分析的等值面法

基于边坡稳定性广角度分析的理论、准则和方法，提出了以干扰能量为判据的边坡稳定性分析等值面法。该方法不仅从能量的观点给出了基于增稳内能与失稳外能比值的稳定安全系数，还将干扰能量法与等值面法结合起来，建立了用最小干扰能量等值面来确定潜在滑动面的方法。完善和改进了边坡稳定分析的理论和计算方法，为系统解决工程稳定性问题中的潜在滑面、危险滑向和最小安全系数提供了实用有效的方法。