Resilience of sustainability‐oriented and financially‐driven organizations

To answer key questions concerning how negative and positive financial performance gaps motivate organizations to build more resilient systems, we develop a conceptual process model to reveal the process by which financially and sustainability‐driven organizations can translate these negative and positive financial performance gaps into organizational resilience. We specify the different modes of search behaviors that these organizations pursue when encountering negative and positive financial performance gaps. We then expand on group engagement model to theorize that vicarious search is likely to encourage limiting behaviors, whereas internal search is likely to foster promotion behaviors. Finally, we explain how both promoting and limiting behaviors can be helpful in improving organizational resilience. In this way, we hope to advance research that connects and integrates relatively disparate realms and, more specifically, to contribute to the sustainability, resilience, and performance feedback literatures.     

The Evolving Structure of Chinese R&D Funding and its Implications for the Productivity of Agricultural Biotechnology Research

China’s research and development (R&D) policy has changed considerably over recent decades, and great changes occurred in 2006 when the main programme objective of China’s R&D changed from the 863 Programme and 973 Programme to the National Science and Technology Major Project. One topic that has drawn extensive attention is whether the investment reform improved R&D productivity in China. Using a unique panel dataset from 160 universities, this paper examines the effect of the investment reform on productivity improvement in China’s agricultural biotechnology sector. We use a panel count data model with a dynamic feedback mechanism to model the knowledge production process. Strong evidence indicates that the investment reform greatly contributes to knowledge output production in China’s agricultural biotechnology sector. We also find that the input quality is more important than the absolute quantity; human research capacity exhibits the greatest contribution to the output of patents; past knowledge accumulation helps produce more patents; and entry barriers to patent production exist in China’s agricultural biotechnology sector. Moreover, the patent explosion in China may have been largely caused by improvements in the human capital input quality.     

基于控制蓄量的渠系运行控制方式

本文提出基于蓄量控制的渠系运行规则,采用流量前馈和水位反馈的闸门组合控制,建立多渠段串联控制运行模型.应用该模型在ASCE推荐的缓坡测试渠道上进行了计算机仿真.结果表明,渠道系统能通过对渠池内的水量的调节进行合理调控以满足下游需水流量,不要求渠池水深保持不变,使渠系具有良好的响应和恢复特性.该渠道运行控制模型可用于具有复杂运行要求且缺少调节水库的大型渠道输水系统.     

基于光纤测温的混凝土坝上下游表面苯板保温效果反馈

为防止混凝土坝在施工期产生表面裂缝,经常在坝体上下游混凝土表面粘贴聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板进行保温.结合西南某建设中的混凝土拱坝,采用分布式光纤传感技术,实时在线监测典型混凝土浇筑仓上下游表面附近不同深度的温度状况,分别采用日变化和日平均实测温度反馈苯板保温效果.分析表明,上下游表面分别粘贴厚5 cm和3 cm苯板后,上下游面表面放热系数反演值分别为3.482 4、8.584 7 kJ/(m2·h·℃),均大于由材料热阻估计的苯板等效放热系数.     

监测成果分析应用实例

选择从变形和渗流等主要监测分析方向中简要列罗数个典型工程实例,对其监测成果分析应用实例进行剖析。说明通过监测成果分析,能确实有效的发现工程缺陷,指导施工,检查支护效果,进而最终对建筑物进行安全评价。同时,通过监测资料分析,也能为反馈、发展、完善设计和工程技术提供科学依据。     

基于EPR逆向物流系统的信息反馈机制的构建

在EPR约束下的逆向物流系统存在严重的信息不对称,在生产商、中间商、第三方回收机构之间的信息、技术交流上存在瓶颈。构建信息反馈机制．初步提出了反馈机制的运作并对信息反馈机制所包含的几种反馈关系作了阐述。信息反馈机制是生产商责任延伸制度在技术交流上的体现,是环境管理的进一步发展。     

Self‐Determined Feedback Seeking: The Role of Perceived Supervisor Autonomy Support

We use self‐determination theory (SDT) as a framework for investigating how perceived autonomy‐supportive supervision positively influences conditions that motivate newcomer subordinates to engage in feedback seeking. Based on data collected from MBA interns at two time periods, perceived autonomy support predicted task autonomy, informal supervisor feedback, and subordinate relationship building, and the latter two mediated the relationship between autonomy support and feedback seeking. Our study provides an SDT perspective on newcomer socialization by highlighting the important role supervisor support for autonomy can play in motivating feedback seeking as a proactive socialization tactic. Organizations and human resources management professionals should consider including training around autonomy support in supervisory training programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Rating Expatriate Leader Effectiveness in Multisource Feedback Systems: Cultural Distance and Hierarchical Effects

A critical challenge for global firms is to implement assessment tools to develop expatriate leaders who can effectively manage role relationships across different directions (upward, laterally, downward) in cross‐national contexts. Drawing on social categorization and relational demography theories and a data set of 360‐degree ratings of expatriates from 36 countries, we use multilevel modeling to investigate relationships between cultural distance and ratings of leadership effectiveness in task and contextual performance by colleagues with different hierarchical vantage points (subordinates, supervisors, peers). Cultural distance refers to the overall degree of difference in key cultural values identified in the GLOBE study between an expatriate's and coworkers’ countries of origin. Unlike supervisors as a rating group, results show that peer and subordinate raters as a group may be more likely to have their ratings negatively influenced by cultural distance, an effect that may be exacerbated for peer ratings from countries higher in power distance and lower in humane orientation. This study contributes to the understanding of multisource feedback systems to assess expatriate leadership effectiveness by identifying likely group ratings tendencies linked to cultural distance and hierarchical perspectives. Organizations should develop strategies to mitigate possible effects of cultural distance on subordinate and peer ratings of expatriates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Water and human livelihood resilience: a regional-to-global outlook

This article addresses the need to profoundly expand the way we think about freshwater. Stressing water’s role as the bloodstream of the biosphere, the article highlights water’s functions in sustaining life on the planet (control, state and moisture feedback functions), the role of water partitioning changes in inducing non-linear change at multiple scales, and humanity’s influence on a social-ecological system’s capacity to adapt and continue to function. It reviews water’s roles during its journey through the upper layers of the land mass, different types of water–ecosystem interactions, and water’s roles in landscape-scale resilience building.     

精益创业理论研究综述与展望

在"5G+工业"时代,创新创业越来越重要,并表现出变革性、高风险性、高回报性的特点。随着"大众创业,万众创新"蓬勃发展,学术界对精益创业理论越来越关注。本文对精益创业理论相关文献进行了系统性梳理,回顾了创业理论演进与精益创业理论的提出,对其概念内涵和精益创业研究架构进行分析,从回归顾客价值和周期性视角分析认知迭代循环过程机理和影响因素,对精益创业实践应用方法和相关实证研究进行归纳,对精益创业理论研究目前存在的主要问题和该理论的未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为后续研究提供参考。