2016年修水流域暴雨洪水分析及防洪实践

修水流域是暴雨洪水多发区之一。2016年4～7月,修水流域先后经历了12次较大的暴雨过程,间隔时间短、降雨强度大,从而造成该区域入汛期以来水位持续上涨、洪水过程多、洪峰水位高,长期处于超警戒状态。从2016年修水流域暴雨时空分布及其特征、发生发展过程以及修水流域下游控制河段永修县永修水文站河段特性等方面,分析了洪水发生的原因,洪水特征及其演变情况、影响因素以及对流域干流上游水库群蓄水调度情况,总结了此次战胜暴雨洪水的方式方法和成功经验。结合2016年水库调度运行情况提出了水库科学调度运行的措施,以期最大限度地发挥水库工程措施在防汛减灾中的作用。     

广西钦州市旱涝灾害特点与成因分析

钦州市旱涝灾害发生频率高且灾情惨重;1950~2001年旱涝灾害发生有周期缩短和时空的影响不均衡等特征;主要的致灾因子有自然环境复杂多样、气候异常、防灾减灾体系脆弱以及人口与社会财富集聚体的增多和集中等。     

洪水灾害快速评估关键技术研究

就洪水灾害快速评估系统的若干关键问题进行了研究.首先针对遥感图象处理数据量大、计算量大以及需要大的计算机内存和计算能力强的特点,研究了基于并行计算的遥感图象快速处理功能原理和系统实现.基于并行计算的遥感图象快速处理实现原理主要包括两点,即多计算机并行计算和虚拟共享内存(VSM).其次,研究了基于ArcMap Service的洪水灾害信息后续处理与网络发布一体化解决方案.最后,对鄱阳湖地区1998年特大洪水SAR图象进行了试验,取得了满意的效果.     

模糊综合评判法及在水库调度方案寻优中的应用

本文以模糊综合评判法同时考虑到多种因素,为水库调度方案寻优提供了一条有效途径。在某中型水库防洪调度方案的寻优评判工作中运用了模糊综合评判法,取得了较好的结果。     

广州抽水蓄能电站上库导流门设计特点

介绍导流门的特性和设计的一般原则 ;结合广州抽水蓄能电站上库导流门设计特点 ,重点介绍闸门及启闭设备的设计     

防洪减灾理论及技术研究进展

水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心(以下简称减灾中心)成立于2002年,长期致力于防洪抗旱减灾方面的研究工作,为我国防洪减灾领域一支举足轻重的科研力量.总结了减灾中心在防洪减灾国家战略、洪水运动及致灾机理、洪水预测预报、洪水调度、洪水损失评估、防汛决策支持、工程抢险技术等方面理论及技术取得的学术成果,有效支撑了行业防洪...     

Cross-sector collaboration within Dutch flood risk governance: historical analysis of external triggers

ABSTRACT

This article synthesizes the literature on Dutch flood risk governance to analyze how external conditions shaped past and present dynamics of cross-sector collaboration for integrated flood risk management in the Netherlands. It traces the extent to which policy and legal frameworks, socio-economic circumstances, political realities, power relations and conflict situations have influenced attempts at collaboration between flood safety, spatial planning, environmental protection and other sectors. Despite the growing interdependences, existing power relations between the sectors are characterized by the dominance of the water sector. Hence, cross-sector collaboration can develop as long as it does not compromise flood safety.     

地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

平原地区城市湖泊防洪与景观功能协调研究——以枝江市金湖为例

为了使城市湖泊尽可能滞蓄雨洪、发挥景观功能、打造良好的居民"亲水空间",以枝江市金湖为例,根据金湖主要泄洪渠道的实际情况,利用Mike 21模型模拟计算汛限水位值,按照景观水位确定大、小洪水工况下合理的水位。在此基础上,提出传统的静态景观水位与改进的动态景观水位两种方案。结果表明:以50年一遇、30年一遇为代表的大洪水工况下合理景观水位为40.7 m,以20年一遇、10年一遇为代表的小洪水工况合理景观水位为41.3 m;静态方案采用50年一遇洪水计算结果为标准执行,将40.7 m作为金湖固定的景观水位;动态方案水位可在41.3~40.7 m之间波动;金湖适宜采用动态景观水位运行方案,水位可在40.7~41.3 m之间波动;根据短期预报及历史监测资料分析后合理调度,将41.3 m作为金湖常水位,确定预测洪水大小后调整水位迎战洪水。据此,可在充分利用水资源的同时有效协调景观高水位需求与防洪之间的矛盾。     

Seasonal Water Level Manipulation for Flood Risk Management Influences Home‐Range Size of Common Bream Abramis brama L. in a Lowland River

The increased threat of flooding from climate change requires ever greater management of rivers to alleviate flood risk. Although the impacts of river modification on fish communities are well documented, the effects of river management practices on fish behaviour have received relatively little attention. Here, a long‐term (4 years) acoustic telemetry study was used to analyse the spatial–temporal behaviour of common bream in a lowland river system (River Witham, Lincolnshire, UK) in which water levels are artificially manipulated biannually as part of a flood storage strategy. Levels are lowered in the autumn and increased again in the spring, to increase in‐river winter flood storage capacity. Home‐range size varied according to season, with home ranges being larger in the spring and summer months in comparison with those recorded during the autumn and winter months. When water levels within the river system were artificially manipulated, the bream responded by altering their home‐range size, increasing it after the levels had been raised and reducing it following the lowering of the river levels. This is in contrast to the cumulative overall distances bream were recorded to travel, which were unaffected by water level manipulation, suggesting water level manipulation did not affect activity levels. Although such changes in behaviour do not necessarily equate to a negative impact on fitness, reduced home‐range size brought about by water level manipulation does have implications for habitat availability and the number of competitive, predatory and parasitic interactions encountered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.