Water flooding optimization with adjoint model under control constraints简

The oil recovery enhancement is a major technical issue in the development of oil and gas fields. The smart oil field is an effective way to deal with the issue. It can achieve the maximum profits in the oil production at a minimum cost, and represents the future direction of oil fields. This paper discusses the core of the smart field theory, mainly the real-time optimization method of the injection-production rate of water-oil wells in a complex oil-gas filtration system. Computing speed is considered as the primary prerequisite because this research depends very much on reservoir numerical simulations and each simulation may take several hours or even days. An adjoint gradient method of the maximum theory is chosen for the solution of the optimal control variables. Conven-tional solving method of the maximum principle requires two solutions of time series： the forward reservoir simulation and the backward adjoint gradient calculation. In this paper, the two processes are combined together and a fully implicit reservoir simulator is developed. The matrixes of the adjoint equation are directly obtained from the fully implicit reservoir simulation, which accelera-tes the optimization solution and enhances the efficiency of the solving model. Meanwhile, a gradient projection algorithm combined with the maximum theory is used to constrain the parameters in the oil field development, which make it possible for the method to be applied to the water flooding optimization in a real oil field. The above theory is tested in several reservoir cases and it is shown that a better development effect of the oil field can be achieved.     

陕西镇安抽水蓄能电站上水库库盆防渗型式比选研究

镇安抽水蓄能电站上水库利用沟谷地形筑坝形成水库。坝址两岸地势较陡,库区三面环山,山体较雄厚,库盆整体封闭条件较好。上水库天然来流量较小,水库渗漏及蒸发损失均需从下库补给,水量宝贵,合理选择库盆防渗型式不仅影响到项目建设单位的投资控制,更关系到电站建成投产后的安全、经济运行。文章结合可行性研究阶段的上水库建设条件,从不同角度对上水库库盆处理方式进行了比较选择,提出了库盆防渗处理方案。     

山西省淜头水电站拦河闸坝工程导流设计与施工

根据淜头水电站坝址区地形、地质及水文气象等条件进行分析,结合该工程拦河闸坝的特点及施工工期要求,确定了施工导流方案。由于施工工期较长,需采用二期进行导流施工。施工期度汛安全,导流方案设计合理、安全、可靠。     

一维河流数学模型在河道整治中的应用

以对某河流整治前后的水力计算为例,简述了一维数学模型在河道整治计算中的应用。通过分析计算该河流现状河道及整治后河道两种状况下的不同洪水频率（20 a一遇和50 a一遇）的沿程水面线及断面过流特征,据此对景观设计中原规划的20 a一遇洪水岸边线进行了调整,提出了较为合理可行的河道整治方案。     

城市近郊蓄滞洪区非洪水期调度运行管理研究--以治理深圳河第四期工程为例

针对城市近郊蓄滞洪区的功能和运行管理特点,以治理深圳河第四期滞洪区工程为例,从滞洪区地形和区域布置合理性着手,分析滞洪区与上下游河道水力高程特点,开展了非洪水期蓄水、泄水过程模型试验研究。建立了基于理想理论的湿地水体环境水体更换周期预测模型,研究多因素条件下的滞洪区湿地水体置换周期。为保障非汛期滞洪区生态湿地景观水位和良好水质状态,根据上游河道来水条件,制定了滞洪区进水闸、泄水闸调度备用运行方案。     

非通航孔桥墩“拦-防”组合防撞方案应用研究

非通航孔桥墩通常结构设计单薄,即便在采用最新防撞技术情况下,也难以将船撞力减少至桥墩自身抗力可承受的范围以内。为解决这一问题,对国内外最新防船撞技术进行了调研分析,提出"拦-防"组合的非通航孔桥墩防撞方法,即触发旋转式拦截网与柔性防撞圈组合的防撞装置。当失控船舶以一定速度靠近大桥桥墩时,首先被桥梁上游的拦截网拦截,在拦截网被拉断过程中,船舶航速将大幅降低。船舶冲出拦网再撞上桥墩时,防撞装置能及早发挥整体作用,化撞击集中力为分布载荷,以及让船尽早滑离而带走尽量多的剩余动能,以达到有效保护桥梁的目的。计算分析研究表明,该装置防撞护效果良好,造价相对低廉,并且易于实施。设计中只要充分结合桥区河床地形,可避免对环境造成负面影响。     

变频调速装置在树林子加压泵站中的应用

从水库取水的大中型长距离引（调）水工程中的加压泵站因受水库水位和调水流量变化的影响，水泵扬程往往变幅较大，水泵选型方案的合理与否对工程建设投资、运行费用及工程运行管理等具有十分重要的意义。本文结合辽宁省葫芦岛市青山水库输水工程，从技术和经济上对树林子加压泵站水泵设计方案进行了比选，其结果可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

长洲水利枢纽工程施工导流方案优化

介绍长洲水利枢纽施工原导流方案,在保证施工期通航和满足工程防洪度汛的前提下,对原方案进行优化;简介优化方案,并与原方案比较:优化方案缩短工期,提前发电,节省投资,提高工程整体效益。     

黑龙江省旱情信息采集系统设计方案

干旱灾害是黑龙江省最主要的自然灾害之一，每年都给城乡居民生活和工农业生产造成不同程度的影响，严重制约黑龙江省社会经济的正常发展。目前中国的旱情监测体系还很不完善，不能满足当前抗旱减灾的需要，国家防总在前期工程建设经验成果基础上，采用当代国际新技术，加大了建设力度，把旱情信息采集系统作为国家防汛抗旱指挥系统二期工程建设中的重要内容，黑龙江省作为产粮大省，是建设项目的重中之重。旱情信息的特点是信息种类多、涉及部门多、信息来源渠道广。文章介绍了黑龙江省旱情信息采集系统设计方案。     

Non-hydrostatic versus hydrostatic modelings of free surface flows

The hydrodynamics of geophysical flows in oceanic shelves, estuaries, and rivers are often studied by solving shallow water equations under either hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic assumptions. Although the hydrostatic models are quite accurate and cost-efficient for many practical applications, there are situations when the fully hydrodynamic models are preferred despite a larger cost for computations. The present numerical model is implemented by the finite volume method (FVM) based on unstructured grids. The model can be efficiently switched between hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic modules. The case study shows that for waves pro-pagating along the bar a criterion with respect to the shallowness alone, the ratio between the depth and the wave length, is insufficient to warrant the performance of shallow flow equations with a hydrostatic approach and the nonlinearity in wave dynamics can be better accounted with a hydrodynamic approach. Besides the prediction of the flows over complex bathymetries, for instance, over asymmetrical dunes, by a hydrodynamic approach is shown to be superior in accuracy to the hydrostatic simulation.