高浓度焦化废水的预氧化-混凝处理研究

焦化废水成分十分复杂,污染物浓度高,性质非常稳定且水量大,是典型的难降解有机废水。使用H2O2为氧化剂,FeSO4.7H2O为催化剂的Fenton氧化法对钢铁焦化厂废水的终冷水进行了试验研究,氧化处理后用FeCl3为混凝剂对COD,NH3-N,色度及浊度的去除率进行了系统的考查。确定了氧化反应的影响因素和最佳的混凝实验条件。结果表明:当pH值控制在3左右,反应时间为30 min,反应温度为80℃,焦化废水的COD,NH3-N,浊度和色度去除率分别达到了93.1%,96.2%,90.8%和90.2%。     

The adequacy of asymptotic approximations in the near-integrated autoregressive model with dependent errors

We consider the normalized least squares estimator of the parameter in a nearly integrated first-order autoregressive model with dependent errors. In a first step we consider its asymptotic distribution as well as asymptotic expansion up to order O_p(T⁻¹). We derive a limiting moment generating function which enables us to calculate various distributional quantities by numerical integration. A simulation study is performed to assess the adequacy of the asymptotic distribution when the errors are correlated. We focus our attention on two leading cases: MA(1) errors and AR(1) errors. The asymptotic approximations are shown to be inadequate as the MA root gets close to −1 and as the AR root approaches either −1 or 1. Our theoretical analysis helps to explain and understand the simulation results of Schwert (1989) and DeJong, Nankervis, Savin, and Whiteman (1992) concerning the size and power of Phillips and Perron's (1988) unit root test. A companion paper, Nabeya and Perron (1994), presents alternative asymptotic frameworks in the cases where the usual asymptotic distribution fails to provide an adequate approximation to the finite-sample distribution.     

对中国形成世界制造中心进程的冷思考

改革开放以来，我国迅速成为制造业大国，但还远远不是制造业的世界中心。只有认清我国制造业存在的预期利润低、结构不合理、产业链的低端定位、边际效应递减、研究与开发费用不足以及教育结构对制造业的瓶颈效应等问题，并对症下药，才能将我国的制造业真正做大做强。     

海南省水资源配置决策的层次分析模型研究

海南省特殊的地理位置决定了其水资源配置问题的独特性,在水资源配置方案中,呈现出多阶段、多层次、多目标、多决策主体的特点,使得水资源配置模型难以确定并给决策带来了很大的风险性。本文研究了适合于海南省水资源优化配置所需的评比指标,对层次分析法加以改进,结合海南省水资源配置问题的决策要求,用改进后的层次分析法进行评价指标优化计算,最终得出了较为满意的结果。     

Recognizing the importance of scale in the ecology and management of riverine fish

Processes affecting fish populations range in scale from local to global. Fish response is also scale‐dependent, with some activities varying locally while others depend on large‐scale connectivity within or between watersheds. These issues are still only partly recognized, with large‐scale research often affected by non‐independent sampling, weak inference, poor model testing or model over‐extrapolation. Available multi‐scale studies can reach different conclusions about factors affecting fishes from local studies, but results vary between examples. Potential explanations are (i) effects on fishes are context‐dependent; (ii) different species or life‐stages are limited in different ways; (iii) multi‐scale studies are too few for generalization. We advocate improved use of geostatistical tools to guide sampling or interpret the spatial extent of management problems, and we illustrate this using brown trout in Welsh streams. Our strongest recommendation is that fish ecologists recognize the importance of interactions across scales in quantifying effects on fishes so that management decisions can be better based on evidence rather than judgement or extrapolation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全低变工艺开发应用中的问题与对策

讨论了全低变工艺开发过程中遇到的一些问题和对策,对中、小氮肥企业进行技术改造具有一定的参考意义。     

Analytical investigations of transitional operating modes of the second circuit of units at NPP with water-moderated reactors with consideration of control systems

A mathematical model for analysis of process parameters of equipment in the second circuit of nuclear power plants is presented, and the structure of the program and principles used for analysis of the equipment are described. A mathematical model for analysis of the deaerator and steam generator is described in detail. A computational analysis of several transitional modes, which is made possible on the basis of the mathematical model in question, is also presented in this paper, and a comparison is made with test data. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 16–22.     

电子式互感器在数字化变电站的应用

电子式互感器和合并单元作为数字化变电站的重要组成部分，与传统互感器相比具有绝缘简单、动态范围宽、抗饱和性能强、占地面积小、实现数据输出等优点。文中介绍了有源和无源电子式互感器的构成，对这2种方式进行了比较，介绍了合并单元的功能及其应用，对工程应用提出了互感器配置和功能应用的实施建议。     

Asymptotic expansion of S-estimators of location and covariance

By means of a straightforward application of empirical process theory, we show that S-estimators of multivariate location and covariance are asymptotically equivalent to a sum of independent vector and matrix valued random elements respectively. This provides an alternative proof of asymptotic normality of S-estimators and clearly explains the limiting covariance structure. It also leads to a relatively simple proof of asymptotic normality of the length of the shortest α-fraction.