FDI与中国二元经济结构演化——一个动态实证分析的考量

FDI理论和二元经济结构理论一直以来都是国内外主流经济学者研究的热点问题。但是从理论上和实证角度把二者结合起来研究的文献并不多见。为此,本文首先从古典增长理论模型出发,论述FDI对我国二元经济结构演化的影响,理论模型研究表明,FDI在促进中国经济非农化的过程中有可能加大了农业与非农业的技术与就业差距,从而加深了二元经济程度。然后重点从实证角度、运用统计分析和因果关系检验、协整检验及修正误差模型检验等计量分析手段深入研究和检验二者的长期与短期动态均衡关系。研究结果表明,FDI在促进中国经济非农化和工业化的同时,在一定程度上却加剧了中国的二元经济程度。对此,本文在最后强调应该加大对FDI的产业调整力度、规范其投资流向,同时建立一套长效机制,实现农村生产要素的市场化与整合,充分挖掘FDI在转变农业生产方式方面的潜在作用,缩小农业与城市部门生产效率的差距。     

上海市外贸发展与经济增长关系实证研究

通过统计计量分析发现,上海对外贸易规模较大且增速较快,对外贸易与经济增长关系密切,二者存在长期稳定的均衡关系,外贸总额或者进口额每增长1%,则GDP将增长0.5%以上。但是,外贸总额、出口额、进口额增长并不是上海经济增长的格兰杰原因,恰好相反,经济增长是短期外贸总额、出口增长的格兰杰原因。     

协整向量误设对相关检验的影响

常用于检验既定协整关系的统计量有tDF和tECM两种，但由于真实数据生成过程未知，估计模型中可能存在一定程度的协整向量误设，从而使统计量的分布特征受到影响。本文首先探讨tDF检验的隐含系数约束α=γ，即短期弹性等于先验长期弹性；其次分析零假设下两种统计量的分布特征，以及先验设定γ对信号噪声比q进而对tECM分布特征的影响；最后在局部备择假设下，给出两种统计量的渐近分布，并表明向量误设会降低协整检验的势，其程度与设定误差d正相关。     

中国金融发展与全要素生产率关系研究

运用柯布一道格拉斯生产函数和增长核算法计算出1978—2006年全国的TFP,并选取FIR作为金融发展指标,对二者进行单位根检验、协整检验,继而运用误差修正模型得出FIR与TFP的回归方程。实证结果显示,长期全要素生产率存在一定的自回归调整,金融发展的短期波动也起到了显著的调整作用。     

Financial Sector Risk and the Stock Returns: Evidence from Tokyo Stock Exchange Firms

We investigate whether the activity of financial firms creates value and/or risk to the economy within the asset pricing framework. We use stock return data from nonfinancial firms listed in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The value-weighted index that is solely composed of nonfinancial firms is augmented with the index of the firms from the financial sector, and we estimate multivariate asset pricing model with these two indices. We note that our procedure can simultaneously take into account the cross-holding phenomena among Japanese firms, especially between the financial sector and the nonfinancial sector. Our augmented index model performs well both with cross-sectional Fama and MacBeth regression test and GMM test. Our two index model with additional Fama and French's HML factor can capture cross-sectional variations of the returns of sample portfolios better than the original Fama and French model can, when measured by Hansen and Jagannathan distance measure. We find that this additional new sector variable can be a substitute for Fama and French's size factor, but not related to the bond index return. This variable has similar factor characteristic as money supply growth or the term structure, but the latter variables contain more information than the former. Morever, our financial sector model helps explain the return and risk structure of Japanese firms during the so-called bubble period.     

Ethnic Discrimination in Germany's Labour Market: A Field Experiment

Abstract. This paper studies ethnic discrimination in Germany's labour market with a correspondence test. We send two similar applications to each of 528 advertisements for student internships, one with a Turkish‐sounding and one with a German‐sounding name. A German name raises the average probability of a callback by about 14%. Differential treatment is particularly strong and significant in smaller firms at which the applicant with the German name receives 24% more callbacks. Discrimination disappears when we restrict our sample to applications including reference letters which contain favourable information about the candidate's personality. We interpret this finding as evidence for statistical discrimination.     

The Coordination Role of Stress Tests in Bank Risk‐Taking

We examine whether stress tests distort banks' risk‐taking decisions. We study a model in which a regulator may choose to rescue banks in the event of concurrent bank failures. Our analysis reveals a novel coordination role of stress tests. Disclosure of stress‐test results informs banks of the failure likelihood of other banks, which can reduce welfare by facilitating banks' coordination in risk‐taking. However, conducting stress tests also enables the regulator to more effectively intervene banks, coordinating them preemptively into taking lower risks. We find that, if the regulator has a strong incentive to bail out, stress tests improve welfare, whereas if the regulator's incentive to bail out is weak, stress tests impair welfare.     

Nearly exact sample size calculation for powerful non‐randomized tests for differences between binomial proportions

In the case of two independent samples, it turns out that among the procedures taken in consideration, BOSCHLOO'S technique of raising the nominal level in the standard conditional test as far as admissible performs best in terms of power against almost all alternatives. The computational burden entailed in exact sample size calculation is comparatively modest for both the uniformly most powerful unbiased randomized and the conservative non‐randomized version of the exact Fisher‐type test. Computing these values yields a pair of bounds enclosing the exact sample size required for the Boschloo test, and it seems reasonable to replace the exact value with the middle of the corresponding interval. Comparisons between these mid‐N estimates and the fully exact sample sizes lead to the conclusion that the extra computational effort required for obtaining the latter is mostly dispensable. This holds also true in the case of paired binary data (McNemar setting). In the latter, the level‐corrected score test turns out to be almost as powerful as the randomized uniformly most powerful unbiased test and should be preferred to the McNemar–Boschloo test. The mid‐N rule provides a fairly tight upper bound to the exact sample size for the score test for paired proportions.     

超贫胶结材料三轴试验

在前期大量单轴试验的基础上,对超贫胶结材料试件进行了三轴试验,得到不同胶凝材料用量、不同围压下的应力-应变曲线,分析了胶凝材料用量及围压对应力-应变曲线的影响,探讨了不同试验条件下试件的强度、体积变形规律以及残余强度等,为超贫胶结材料本构模型的建立奠定了基础。