考虑极限倾覆失效的混凝土坝整体稳定状况分析

主要失效模式的识别和确定是大坝安全分析中的重要内容,传统分析将正常使用极限状态和极限失效状态混合考虑。针对这一问题,以重力坝为例,将应力超限失效包含在极限倾覆失效状态中,由力矩平衡推导得到了极限倾覆失效的状态函数;同时,提出了相应状态函数中参数的确定方法和估算方法。以此为基础,建立了包含主要极限稳定失效状态的重力坝的通用系统失效模型。分析了某在役重力坝的整体稳定状况,结果表明对于坝基为软弱完整基岩的情形,应考虑基岩强度不足引起的重力坝-基岩系统极限倾覆整体失效模式。     

GVC下劳动密集型产业集群自主创新战略研究现状与趋势

国内外关于全球价值链（Global Value Chain,GVC）下产业集群自主创新的研究现状,主要表现在产业集群自主创新动力、优势、因素和实现自主创新路径等方面。趋势主要有创新主体由个体到区域的转移。创新产业由高新技术产业到劳动密集型产业的递进及研究方法的综合广泛运用。     

全球变暖背景下云南省橡胶林潜在适生区的预测及变化

目的 揭示全球变暖对云南省橡胶林适生区的影响,为云南橡胶产业的健康发展提供一定的参考及支持。方法 文章以云南省橡胶林物种分布数据,气候、地形、土壤等环境变量数据为基础,运用最大熵模型（MaxEnt）,确定对云南省橡胶林分布有显著影响的主导环境因子,分析当代气候条件下云南省橡胶林适生区的分布特征,并预测未来气候变暖对云南省橡胶林适生区分布的影响。结果 （1）对云南省橡胶林分布有显著影响的主导环境因子共5项,以12月平均最高气温（51.2%）居首,其余4项依次为5月平均降雨量（10.2%）、年降雨量（9.4%）、坡度（8.8%）、1月最低气温（8.5%）。（2）云南省橡胶林适生区集中分布于西双版纳、德宏和临沧等地区,红河、普洱和保山亦有零星分布,总适生区约占云南国土面积的5.32%,且总体上,高适生区（1.44%）居中,其外侧环绕中适生区（1.25%）,再外侧环绕低适生区（2.63%）。（3）RCP4.5、RCP8.5情景下,云南省橡胶林总适生区面积均呈增加趋势,分别达到云南国土面积的13.96%、19.04%,高排放情景下的增幅更加明显。（4）两种排放情景下橡胶林总适生区的质心均沿西南—东北方向,向海拔和纬度更高的无量山、哀牢山方向迁移,且高排放情景下迁移距离更远。结论 气温变化对云南省橡胶林适生区分布影响显著,在气候变暖的情况下,橡胶林适生区面积趋于更大,且质心朝着高海拔、高纬度地区移动。在考虑气温作为主导因子的情况下,橡胶林的种植区可进一步向高海拔、高纬度区域扩展。     

全球能源互联网背景下国家电网公司全球治理路径设计与优化研究

全球能源互联网背景下国家电网公司全球治理面临新的挑战,包括：竞争决策机制的本源性、制度环境的复杂性、制度建设的急迫性和利益相关者需求多元性。基于以上挑战和国家电网公司实际情况,从治理模式国际化、治理结构本土化、治理制度现代化和治理措施权变化四方面构建了国家电网公司全球治理路径优化模型,对提升国家电网公司全球治理效率、促进全球能源互联网计划顺利实施有积极价值。     

Pandemic (COVID‐19) Policy,Regional Cooperation and the Emerging Global Production Network†

In this paper, we explore the possible policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic shock as well as the related economic (financial crisis) shocks on trade and global value chains (GVC) in East Asia. We find that regional policy coordination is critical to mitigate and isolate the pandemic shock. It is important to identify the pandemic events early to flatten the pandemic curve at the national and regional level. This supports a recent study by the World Bank (2020), which highlights the importance of early mitigation policies during the pandemic shock. The cost of the pandemic and economic shocks will increase significantly when several countries in the region experience the pandemic shock concurrently. In this case, flattening the regional pandemic curve becomes important. The results also indicate the need for greater coordination in East Asia to mitigate the pending economic shock in terms of unemployment, corporate bankruptcy and financial market fragility. The paper also highlights that the stability of the GVC network is critical during the pandemic in terms of hedging the risk of disruptions to the procurement of critical medical and health products as well as maintaining service linkages to manufacturing, such as the logistics sector. Regional policy coordination and the stability of GVC will be valuable in the post‐pandemic recovery of the region.     

RETHINKING THE RESEARCH FUNDING PROCESS: An Indian Perspective

In this paper I focus on the substantial research funding cuts announced by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) in March 2021 to examine the process of funding for and participation in global research projects for researchers based in Southern institutions. I focus here on three key aspects of participating in global research projects: first, the structures through which these grants are created—the programmatic frameworks or other imperatives that confine and limit this work to Northern/Western-centric frames; secondly, the precarity of these grants and the work that they generate; and, thirdly, the increasingly output-related and time-bound nature of work in light of limited support. I argue that the effects of these are felt disproportionately by those located in the global South and are therefore worth considering as part of larger debates centred on democratizing and decolonizing knowledge networks.     

浅谈GPS实时动态技术在土地测量中的应用

GPS实时动态测量技术相比各种传统的测量技术和方法,有其独特的优点。本文通过介绍GPS实时动态技术的构造以及测量原理,分析了GPS实时动态技术在土地测量工作中的优势,并给出了GPS实时动态技术在实际测量工作中的应用方法。     

全球汽车产业价值链的分析与启示--以通用、福特、大众、丰田为例

汽车产业作为一种典型的全球化产业,其突出表现之一是价值链的全球化。价值链全球化的形成与完善给企业自身带来了巨大的竞争力。本文以世界排名前四位汽车制造商通用集团、福特集团、大众集团、丰田集团为例,剖析其全球价值链形成的过程以及对各大集团的影响,并总结出成功经验,旨在对我国的汽车产业发展有一定的借鉴意义。     

The development of political skill and political capital by global leaders through global assignments

The purpose of this paper is to explain how developing global leaders through global assignments (i.e. in the form of expatriation and inpatriation) may lead to their acquisition of valuable political skill and political capital. First, using the theoretical frame of political influence theory, the benefit of political skill is explained relative to the development and augmentation of global leaders' capital portfolio during global assignments. Second, a distinction between social capital and political capital, as the integral components of global leader's capital portfolio, is made. In conclusion, the value of acquiring political skill and building human, cultural, social and political capital by global leaders is discussed separately for expatriate and inpatriate assignments.     

Transboundary pollution externalities: Think globally,act locally?

We analyze the implications of transboundary pollution externalities on environmental policymaking in a spatial setting, in which pollution diffuses across the global spatial economy independently of the specific location in which it is originally generated. This framework gives rise to a simple regional optimal pollution control problem allowing us to compare the global and local solutions in which, respectively, the transboundary externality is and is not taken into account in the determination of the optimal policy by individual local policymakers. We show that it is not obvious that transboundary externalities are a source of inefficiency per se since this is strictly related to the spatial features of the initial distribution of pollution. If the initial pollution distribution is spatially homogeneous then the local and global solutions will coincide and thus no efficiency loss will arise from transboundary externalities, but if it is spatially heterogeneous the local solution will be suboptimal and thus a global approach to environmental problems will be needed to achieve efficiency. From a normative perspective, in this latter (and most realistic) case we also quantify the amount of policy intervention needed at local level in order to achieve the globally desirable goal of pollution eradication in the long run. Our conclusions hold true in a number of different settings, including situations in which the spatial domain is either bounded or unbounded, and situations in which macroeconomic–environmental feedback effects are taken into account.