2016 年太湖流域洪灾损失及骨干工程防洪减灾效益评估研究

为了评估 2016 年太湖流域梅雨期间骨干工程发挥的防洪减灾效益,利用流域一维河网水动力学数学模型,计算得到无骨干防洪工程情景下的河段水位过程,将其与河段设计水位比较,推算每个河段两岸的淹没水量。再与 DEM 和圩堤等阻水构筑物数据相结合,通过空间叠加分析和水量平衡计算,获得洪水淹没的空间分布。建立了流域洪灾损失评估模型,基于土地利用数据、洪水淹没分布和社会经济数据,对无骨干防洪工程情景下的洪灾直接经济损失进行了评估。将该损失与调查统计的实况洪灾损失数据进行对比,结果表明: 骨干工程在此次洪灾中发挥了约 116. 12 亿元的防洪减灾效益。其中,无锡市和苏州市防洪减灾效益最大,分别达到了 50. 08 亿元和 44. 11 亿元。研究成果定量论证了太湖流域骨干防洪工程在 2016 年洪灾中的经济效益,采用的评估方法对于其他流域或区域防洪工程效益评价具有一定的参考价值。     

Fast response of lake plankton and nutrients to river inundations on floodplain lakes

Key variables in ecosystems tend to operate on widely different time‐scales. These time‐scales become relevant when a disturbance rocks the ecosystem. Here we try to explain the fast dynamics of plankton and nutrients in the water column of floodplain lakes after disturbances (inundations). We take advantage of natural experiments, that is occasional massive overflow of floodplain lakes with river water. We sampled 10 lakes in two floodplains along the Dutch river Waal monthly for 3 years, capturing the impact of three inundation events. The inundations reset the plankton as well as chemical composition of most lakes to largely the same state. While biologically inert macro‐ion data reflected a large and long lasting impact of the river water, dynamics of nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities between lakes diverged in a few weeks to regimes characteristic for the different lakes. While one spring inundation synchronized plankton dynamics to let the subsequent clear water phase occur at the same moment in different lakes, winter inundations did not have the same effect and apparently dynamics quickly diverged. Our results showed that effects of inundations and other processes that affect the state of the ecosystem should be studied considering the level of the slow components such as the sediment nutrient pool, fish stock and macrophyte communities. Plankton communities and lake water nutrient status give a practically instantaneous reflection of the condition of these slow components. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电子商务环境下快递爆仓成因及对策研究

从运力供给、行业利润、发展模式和不可抗因素等几个方面分析了快递爆仓的成因,在此基础上,从增加运力供给、制定合理价格、转变经营模式、构建应急预案等角度提出了针对性的措施,对于实现快递业和电子商务的协调发展具有现实意义。     

GIS技术在洪水淹没分析中的应用

应用水力学方法和GIS技术,通过建立珠江流域北江下游潖江天然滞洪区洪水淹没模型,对蓄滞洪区不同洪水淹没水位进行分析,计算淹没区的滞洪量,为防洪决策和淹没区洪灾损失分析提供科学依据。     

Utility of remotely operated underwater vehicle in flood inundation mapping for dam failure: A case study of Lake Tuscaloosa Dam

A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) is a tethered underwater mobile device that can conduct a bathymetric survey cost-efficiently. Assessment of the utility of ROV-based bathymetric surveys in flood inundation mapping remains limited. This study aims to examine the utility of ROV-based bathymetric surveys in high-resolution flood inundation mapping for a hypothetical case study of the Lake Tuscaloosa Dam breach in the state of Alabama, USA. This study conducted the sensitivity test of flood inundation mapping to the river channel depth (ROV-based vs. digital elevation model [DEM]-based) and initial flow condition (e.g., wet vs. dry), via six different simulations of the parallelized diffusion hydrodynamic model (pDHM). This study found that the ROV-based pDHM runs had higher maximum water depths over the flood-inundated areas, ranging from +73% to +166% of the simulated depths of the DEM-based pDHM runs. However, the impact of initial streamflow condition on the maximum depths was limited. This study also found that the pDHM runs with a dry initial flow condition delayed the time to reach the maximum depth after the dam breach by 2 h relative to the pDHM runs with a wet initial streamflow condition. This study suggests that ROV-based bathymetry surveys improve flood inundation mapping by emphasizing the influence of river channel depth, initial streamflow conditions, and bathymetry, thereby bolstering community resilience to a potential human-made hazard such as dam failure.     

三峡库区受淹工矿企业补偿评估目的及估价标准探讨

受淹工矿企业补偿评估，是指由专职的评估机构，按照国家规定的程序、方法和标准，在对纳入评估范围的各项受淹资产进行全面勘察鉴定的基础上，考虑影响资产价值的各种因素，测定企业资产搬迁损失及补偿值，其目的是为客观、公正、准确核算受淹工矿企业补偿投资提供科学依据。受淹工矿企业补偿评估应以复原重置成本为估价标准。包括土地及基础设施、房屋及设施、设备、实物形态流动资产和停产损失补助等。开展受淹工矿企业补偿评估，     

额尔古纳河洪水淹没模拟及湿地植被变化分析

额尔古纳河是中俄两国界河,缺乏完整的地形数据,难以使用常规方法建立水动力学模型。USGS3s分辨率（约30m）的DEM数据是共享数据,但局部精度略低,本文使用从Google Earth图像提取的河道和湿地数据,修正了这一数据集,获得了这条无资料界河的地形数据。通过一维非恒定流水动力学模型MIKE11的模拟获得了年最大洪水淹没面积,将从2000年9月TM遥感图像提取的湿地范围同模型模拟的同年最大洪水淹没范围进行比较,二者吻合程度较高,前者几乎是后者的外包络,说明经修正的DEM数据基本可用。由MODIS EVI数据提取的2000—2009年增强型植被指数年最大值（YEVI）结果显示额尔古纳河干流区间二卡-黑山头段近10年湿地植被存在明显退化的趋势,并且YEVI与年最大洪水淹没面积间存在显著的正相关关系。研究结果表明洪水是改善额尔古纳河流域湿地植被的一个正向驱动力。     

水电站水库淹没处理专业项目工程投资控制浅析

水库淹没处理是水电站建设的一项重要工作,在水库淹没处理中库区专业项目的规划处理是其中的重要组成部分,专项工程的投资在一些水电站的建设中有时占有相当大的比例.由于专项工程涉及到各个行业和相关的管理部门较多,且各行业的设计标准、规程规范具有各自的特点,要求不同,对工程投资的影响因素较多,文章从设计到实施的各个阶段分析影响的因素并提出控制的措施.     

广西中央直属水库移民遗留问题处理规划设计

简述西津、大化、麻石、洛东、拉浪、六甲和拔贡等7座广西中央直属水库（水电站）的基本情况,指出这些水库移民存在的遗留问题,针对不同的水库库区,提出相应的水库移民处理规划,并对该规划设计进行简要介绍与论述,对水库移民安置规划设计应注意的问题与体会加以总结.     

糯扎渡水电站农村移民安置

糯扎渡水电站水库淹没影响中,农业人口占绝大多数,设计水平年动迁移民46009人中,农业人口为43602人,占95％,农村移民安置是电站建设成败的关键。针对糯扎渡水电站水库淹没区特点,介绍了水库淹没和农村移民安置情况,分析了水库淹没对农村的影响和移民安置规划的可行性。