以水功能区为基本单元的流域水资源配置方法探讨

以水功能区为基本单元,以水功能区管理办法和分水协议为基础,以滦河流域为研究对象,综合考虑上下游工农业用水和生态环境用水,对各水功能区的水资源潜在利用量和实际可利用量确定方法进行分析,探讨滦河流域水资源配置和合理利用方案,为水资源的合理开发利用提供参考依据。     

区域层面河湖功能区划研究——以太湖流域为例

河湖功能区划是加强流域管理的一项新举措.对于自然属性和社会经济属性较为均一的区域,河流功能难以按其沿河道的空间分异性进行划分.基于这一特点,提出了区域层面河湖功能区划的概念,建立了由因素层、区划层和功能层构成的区域层面河湖功能区划体系,并提出了区划的方法和程序.进行了太湖流域区域层面河湖功能区划实践,将该区域共划分为3类13个河湖功能区,给出了每一区的功能定位和管理措施.结果表明,区域层面河湖功能区划的概念与方法合理可行,为平原河网区的河湖管理提供了一个新途径.     

The Sanaga discharge at the Edea Catchment outlet (Cameroon): An example of hydrologic responses of a tropical rain‐fed river system to changes in precipitation and groundwater inputs and to flow regulation

The Sanaga River is one of Sub‐Saharan Africa's largest and greatly regulated rivers. Available flow data for this hydrosystem largely cover the pre‐ and post‐regulation periods. From comparisons between unregulated (hypothetical) and observed scenarios, it has been possible to separate and to quantify hydro‐climatic (groundwater + rainfall) change effects from anthropogenic impacts (especially dam‐related alterations). To appreciate shifts in the river regime, discontinuity detection tests and the IHA model were applied to discharge data series reflecting average and extreme flow conditions, respectively. Results obtained principally from the Hubert segmentation method reveal that a major discontinuity occurred in 1970–1971 separating a surplus phase between 1945–1946 and 1969–1970, and a deficient and much contrasted one, from 1971/1972. This implies that the Sanaga catchment is dominantly affected by hydro‐climatic changes. However, wide land cover/land use changes experienced here since 1988 have resulted in an increase in surface runoff. Additional quickflows linked to these changes may have partly compensated for the substantial decline in the dry season rainfall and groundwater inputs observed from this date. Although at the monthly scale, dam‐related impacts on average flows increase with stage of regulation, the seasonal variability of the river regime remains generally unaffected. A comparison of the IHA statistics, calculated from unregulated and observed streamflow data, show that hydrologic shifts occurring in maximum and minimum discharges are mostly significant from 1971/1972 and are mainly due to the action of dams. Minimum flows appear, however, widely impacted, thus reflecting the prime objective assigned to the existing reservoirs, constructed to supplement flows for hydroelectricity production during the dry season. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

智能水电厂现地控制单元发展趋势

介绍了智能水电厂概念的提出对水电厂计算机监控系统现地控制单元(LCU)的影响,从LCU的结构模式、智能可编程逻辑控制器、LCU的安全稳定3个方面总结了目前水电厂LCU的现状和不足,并着重探讨了未来的智能水电厂LCU的发展趋势.     

高雷诺数流动的平均化差分格式

本文在N—S方程涡量一流函数形式的经典ADI格式和SOR松驰迭代公式的基础上,对其“外来项”进行平均化处理,构造出了平均化差分格式及迭代求解程序。对雷诺数Re=100,1000,10000的空腔流动分别进行了数值计算,并与各数值方法的结果及实验资料进行了比较,结果令人满意。     

大型引调水工程自动化系统设计综述

结合我国大型引调水工程建设情况。逐一描述了南水北调东线工程（江苏省段及山东省段）、南水北调中线工程及河北省南水北调配套工程的自动化系统设计情况．进而分析了各大型引调水工程自动化系统在管理机构设置、调度控制方式、系统结构及功能模块配置、通信传输网络结构等方面的不同,为全面提升河北省南水北调配套工程自动化系统设计提出借鉴经验,具有现实意义及应用价值。     

RTK测量技术中的坐标转换方法研究

介绍了全球卫星定位系统（GNSS）在测绘工作中的应用发展历程,讲述了采用RTK技术获取的WGS84坐标转换到地方坐标的方法,结合工程数据进行了坐标转换研究,得出了三参数、四参数及七参数坐标转换方法的应用范围及使用条件。     

Excel回归分析拟合河流水位-流量关系

Excel集数据分析、数据计算、图文处理功能为一身,包含了大量的与多变量回归分析相关的函数和工具。利用Excel回归分析拟合河流水位-流量关系的方法比Origin、 MATLAB等专业数据分析软件更为简单实用。文章依据某水文站水位-流量实测数据,以Excel提供的5种趋势预测类型,分别阐述河流水位-流量关系Excel回归分析的方法和步骤,并利用拟合优度参数对拟合结果进行了检验和分析。     

高坝洲水电厂计算机监控系统改造

介绍高坝洲水电厂计算机监控系统改造工程的设计、结构、配置、功能,与原系统的差异以及安装调试,以期对其他水电厂监控系统的改造项目具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Managed aquifer recharge in community water supply: the Finnish experience and some international comparisons

This paper analyzes the use of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in community water supply in Finland and presents some international experiences for comparison. The framework of MAR consists of the natural environment and physical infrastructure, as well as socio-economic aspects, all of which are interrelated. Local conditions form the basis of an MAR system and to a large degree determine infiltration options and the most suitable methods. Finnish hydrogeology, climate and local conditions are highly comparable to those in Sweden but differ from those of other parts of Europe, Australia, the USA and Asia. This article provides a holistic view of MAR not only as a technical means of resource enhancement for water supply but also as an element interacting with the natural environment and society.