智能电网实现低碳效益的作用机理

通过分析智能电网低碳效益的内涵,确定了碳的减排对于智能电网的重要性。分别从清洁发电、降低损耗及负荷整形三个方面探讨了智能电网低碳效益的实现路径。     

转体T构梁段挂篮悬壁浇注施工上下转盘临时锁定技术

德安县共安大桥转体重量14510t、转动体长123m,是目前已转体的跨度最大、重量最重的公路预应力混凝土连续梁。其设计采用先挂蓝悬臂浇筑连续梁、然后平转,最后合龙成桥的施工方法。由于并置于同一墩柱上大吨位、大跨度双幅曲线连续梁桥先悬灌、后转体的施工技术尚无成熟经验可借鉴。本文结合江西省德安县共安大桥主桥的施工实例,针对连续梁悬臂浇注施工再转体的特点对上下转盘临时锁定技术进行了研究和总结,将对以后同类的桥梁建设提供一种思路。     

RMS5000产品可靠性信息管理系统设计

RMS5000产品可靠性信息管理系统是一套基于产品可靠性设计理念的信息管理系统,该系统从可靠性设计流程标准化、潜在缺陷分析、可靠性应力分析、可靠性测试流程标准化、设计评审审核、经验数据累计等几方面为用户提供了一整套技术有效、管理科学的可靠性技术体系。该系统旨在规范可靠性设计和测试流程、提高可靠性设计效率和产品质量。本文通过图文相结合的方式向用户全面阐述了该系统的设计理念、设计架构、产品开组成以及技术特点。希望能通过本文的介绍,向大家展示一个基于可靠性的产品开发体系模型,给设计人员在产品可靠性设计方面提供更多的帮助。     

人民币升值对我国进出口企业的影响分析

汇率改革两年多来,我国人民币一直处于升值通道中,人民币升值对我国经济的各个方面带来了不同的影响,对于以国际业务为主的进出口企业更是影响深刻。文章在总结汇率改革历程的基础上,分析了人民币升值对我国进出口企业的影响。     

Capital control and exchange rate volatility

The study offers one conceptual and theoretical framework for evaluating the economic effects of a trading tax on foreign exchange transactions. Taxes and the price stickiness mechanism are taken into account in the model. When prices are flexible, full monetary neutrality can be obtained even in the short-term. Intuitively, taxes on foreign exchange transactions discourage speculation by rising currency trading costs, and, thus, increase the stability of the exchange rate. Finally, the results show that not only the exchange rate but consumption, investment and employment will become less volatile by imposing trading taxes on foreign exchange transactions.     

Spillovers between sovereign CDS and exchange rate markets: The role of market fear

As important variables in financial market, sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) and exchange rate have correlations and spillovers. And the volatility spillovers between the two markets become further complicated with the effect of market fear caused by extreme events such as global pandemic. This paper attempts to explore the complex interactions within the “sovereign CDS-exchange rate” system by adopting the forecast error variance decomposition method. The results show that there is a relatively close linkage between the two markets and the total spillover index of the system is dynamic. For most of the past, the exchange rate has a higher spillover effect on the sovereign CDS than vice versa. Moreover, after the market fear variables are introduced, the “sovereign CDS-exchange rate” system and market fear variables present bidirectional spillovers. The results of the study have particular significance for maintaining the financial stability and preventing risk contagion between markets.     

Using technology to improve the management of development impacts on biodiversity

The mitigation hierarchy (MH) is a prominent tool to help businesses achieve no net loss or net gain outcomes for biodiversity. Technological innovations offer benefits for business biodiversity management, yet the range and continued evolution of technologies creates a complex landscape that can be difficult to navigate. Using literature review, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews, we assess technologies that can improve application of the MH. We identify six categories (mobile survey, fixed survey, remote sensing, blockchain, data analysis, and enabling technologies) with high feasibility and/or relevance to (i) aid direct implementation of mitigation measures and (ii) enhance biodiversity surveys and monitoring, which feed into the design of interventions including avoidance and minimization measures. At the interface between development and biodiversity impacts, opportunities lie in businesses investing in technologies, capitalizing on synergies between technology groups, collaborating with conservation organizations to enhance institutional capacity, and developing practical solutions suited for widespread use.     

An empirical test of the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis: Evidence from eight middle-income countries in Africa

The paper tests the validity of the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis (BSH) using the within-effects and the dynamic panel generalised methods of moment (GMM) techniques for a panel of eight middle-income African countries over the period 1960–2009. We selected these countries because they exhibited a mixture of relative productivity growth and real exchange rate misalignment that fits the characterization of the BSH well. The results strongly support the BSH for this group of countries. The results are valid even after we controlled for potentially omitted variables and endogeneity. The implication is that as these countries become more productive, their currencies appreciate in real terms.     

Firm-level determinants of tax evasion in transition economies

Business tax evasion is an important issue for governments. Yet the factors that determine business tax evasion have not been sufficiently examined in the literature in general, and in transition contexts in particular. To address this gap, this study uses the WB/EBRD Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) database with a sample of over 12,692 firms from 26 transition economies. Applying various modelling strategies, we argue that tax evasion is a function of firm-level and institutional-level variables. We contribute to the literature by providing robust evidence showing that the perceived tax burden has a positive impact on tax evasion. We also find that the tax evasive behaviour of firms is positively influenced by low trust in government and in the judicial system as well as by higher perceptions of corruption and higher compliance costs. We find that smaller firms, individual businesses and firms in sectors that are less visible to the tax administration are more likely to get involved in evasive behaviour. Overall, institutional factors play an important role in determining firms’ tax evasion behaviour in transition economies. This finding has important policy implications.     

基于融资考虑对股权回报率确定方法的选择

上市公司在股票市场上融资时面临两类融资考虑问题:其一是资本结构的"溢出效应",它提高了股权回报率;其二是市场投资者的认知偏差,它可能提高或者降低要求的股权回报率。FAR与NEER是确定股权回报率的两类截然不同的方法:FAR有利于实现公司价值最大化目标,而NEER能够促使短期股价最大化。在通过比较这两类方法的异同后指出,在不同的融资考虑组合下,公司应根据自身情况选择适合的方法确定项目投资要求的股权回报率。