Environmental Management of End‐of‐Life Products: Nine Factors of Sustainability in Collaborative Networks

The paradigm of the green economy has contributed to raising the attention paid to developing sustainability‐oriented strategies for supply chain (SC) management. The responsibility of producers to extend and reverse SCs is a critical and timely topic that captures increasing concerns over the way firms can adapt their business models to interlinking technical, socio‐economic and environmental frameworks. This is particularly true when producers are not also reuse/recycle actors. By performing a critical review of the scientific literature on this field, this article develops nine elemental factors that can be considered for assessing the impacts of collaborative strategies as a means to implement extended producer responsibility (EPR) in open‐loop SCs. The resulting conceptual framework provides EPR implementation guidance under different market conditions. Inter‐organizational relationships are found to present both opportunities and threats that can be profitably managed under a systemic perspective. Implications for management and needs for further research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

浅议“质量管理”

本文主要结合了本处室的质量管理工作特点及一些分厂的工作经验,阐述了人的积极性、创造性在质量管理工作中的重要作用。     

采用PDCA循环对外墙干挂石材施工质量施工过程进行控制

南宁海关业务技术楼合建项目施工时采用PDCA循环对外墙干挂石材施工质量施工过程进行控制，即进行计划、实施、检查、总结4个阶段的工作，利用关联图工具分析末端因素后，得出影响外墙干挂石材施工质量的主要原因，项目部针对原因制定了相应的措施，成功地完成了该分项工程的施工。     

旁路节流调速回路特性分析

本文在分析旁路节流调速回路工作原理的基础上,对其速度特性、负载特性和功率特性进行了讨论分析,得出了有益的结论,为同行进一步研究提供了参考依据。     

运输问题中求检验数的闭回路法

针对运输问题中用闭回路法求检验数的方法和经济解释给出数学证明,进一步探讨了在运输问题中出现退化的情况下,＂0＂元素不是任意位置都可添加,并给出了具体例子和具体方法.     

The environment in an ‘information society’: A transition stage towards more sustainable development?

Social scientists and futurists have suggested that societal development is advancing to a novel stage, to an ‘information society’. However, the crucial qualifiers of this ‘new’ society are ambiguous. Furthermore, environmental goals have created new challenges for information society studies. This paper examines the interaction and dynamics between the information society and sustainable development, which most often manifest themselves as competing scientific and socio-political discourses. On the one hand, there is the potential for reducing the stress on the environment: the emergence of information technologies and services can lead to a dematerialisation of production and immaterialisation of consumption. On the other hand, there are risks: positive environmental effects might be overcome by the ‘rebound effect’ caused by excessive economic growth. It is concluded that further theoretical and empirical studies are needed in order to examine the complex and contradictory relationship between the information society and environmental issues.     

GPS控制网设计在水利工程控制测量中的应用

简述GPS控制网设计的基本原理,阐明在水利工程控制测量中选择合适的GPS控制网对于提高观测质量和精度,减少外业观测工作量等方面具有重要意义。通过对水利工程施工中布设的GPS控制网点连式、边连式、边点混连式控制网进行技术、经济、可靠性对比分析,得出合理的GPS控制网布设方案。     

北京地铁四号线管幕泥水平衡顶管施工技术探讨

管幕法是利用顶管机建造大断面地下空间的施工技术,其开挖土体或者推进箱涵是在管幕的保护下进行的,可以显著减少地面沉降和增加施工时开挖面的稳定性。详细介绍了宣武门车站穿越既有环线管幕顶进施工技术,跟踪施工时的地表监测情况,合理取用施工参数,车站最终的地表高程误差控制在10 mm之内,地表隆起小于20 mm,各项施工质量良好,确保了施工既有运营环线的安全。     

Information Structure and the Tragedy of the Commons in Resource Extraction

Synopsis This paper considers the well-known Levhari-Mirman discrete-time model of resource extraction, and investigates the effects of the information structure of the dynamic game – open-loop, Markovian or history-dependent – on the equilibrium consumption path and the overall utility of the agents. Due to the special structure of the model, the open-loop regime yields a Pareto-optimal outcome. The Markovian regime leads to the most pronounced version of the tragedy of the commons. History-dependent behavior yields an outcome set that is intermediate between the other two cases, and that may include the Pareto-optimal outcome in some cases. The level of efficiency of equilibrium behaviour is thus U-shaped as a function of the level of information the agents’ extraction strategies are based on. The analysis suggests that in environments characterized by a dynamic (and no market) externality, forcing agents to commit to open-loop behavior would constitute welfare-improving regulation.     

Competitive strategy in remanufacturing and the impact of take-back laws

This paper examines the impact of take-back laws within a manufacturer/remanufacturer competitive framework. Take-back laws require that firms take responsibility for the collection/disposal costs of their products. We consider two alternative implementations of take-back laws that are distinguished by the degree of control that the manufacturer has on returns sold to the remanufacturer. In one implementation, known as collective WEEE take-back, the manufacturer has no control over returns sold to the remanufacturer. The other implementation, known as individual WEEE take-back, gives complete control to the manufacturer.We develop a general two-period model to investigate questions of interest to policy-makers in government and managers in industry. Our results suggest that, in some settings, enactment of collective WEEE take-back will result in higher manufacturer and remanufacturer profits while simultaneously spurring remanufacturing activity and reducing the tax burden on society. A negative effect is higher consumer prices in the market. In other settings, we find that collective WEEE take-back introduces a structural change to the industry—creating an environment where remanufacturing becomes profitable when it is not profitable without a take-back law. With respect to individual WEEE take-back, we find that the manufacturer often benefits from allowing the remanufacturer to enter the market, though from a government policy-maker perspective, there are clear risks of monopolistic behavior.