变化环境下韩江生态流量演变特征分析

选取位于粤东、闽西南地区的韩江流域为研究对象,基于CA-Markov模型对2050年流域土地利用空间格局进行预测,构建SWAT分布式水文模型,以未来土地利用情景和气候变化情景为变量进行水文模拟,分析不同情景下韩江生态流量的时空演变特征。结果表明,未来城镇化扩张将使梅江支流中上游成为韩江流域内生态流量对土地利用变化最为敏感的区域;土地利用和气候变化将导致韩江流域枯水期流量整体减小,枯水期流量对环境变化更加敏感;韩江流域生态流量变化特征将呈现从西南到东北由升到降的趋势,梅江支流中上游地区的生态流量将得到改善;梅江和汀江两大支流上游区域生态流量对气候变化更为敏感;韩江流域径流总量下降,但丰枯流量分化加剧,长期来看枯季生态流量保障风险可能进一步增大。     

Modeling air flow in sanitary sewer systems: A review

Current designs of sanitary collection systems normally only consider the transport of wastewater without attention on the air movement in the sewer airspaces. Under anaerobic conditions, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) can be generated in the liquid phase in sewer systems. H₂S is corrosive to concrete and steel structures and odorous or even toxic to human, which can cause corrosion and sewer odor issues. To develop a feasible sewer corrosion and odor control strategy, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of air flow in sewer systems for developing practical tools to predict and control the air flow. This paper comprehensively reviewed previous efforts on modeling the air flow in sewer systems and provided recommendations on predicting the air flow for engineering applications. The air flow in a single pipe was firstly reviewed followed by the air flow in sewer structures as well as air flow models in sewer networks. Some other considerations such as temperature driven flow, transient water flow, and wind effect were also reviewed. The knowledge gaps were then identified, and recommendations on the further studies were provided.     

大通湖区水系连通工程改善水环境的效果评估

大通湖是洞庭湖区的重要组成部分,近年其水质状况呈现恶化态势,正通过实施水系连通工程,以期改善其水环境。基于MIKE21构建大通湖区水系连通工程的二维水动力-水质数学模型,选取总氮和总磷作为水质指标,模拟不同连通调度方案下大通湖的氮磷浓度变化,采用滞水区面积比例、浓度变化指数、换水率和水质浓度改善率,评估6个连通方案下大通湖水环境的改善效果。结果表明:通过实施引水调度方案能够有效改善大通湖水环境,当引水前期流量取30 m~3/s,出口水位控制在25.48 m时和引水后期流量保持为30 m~3/s不变,出口水位调整至25.88 m时,大通湖水环境改善效果最佳。本研究可为实施水系连通工程,改善类似湖泊水环境和提高引水调度效率提供参考。     

滴灌系统叠片过滤器离散型流道结构水力性能试验及内部流场模拟

为获得叠片流道内部水流流动特性,解决叠片过滤器水头损失较大的弊端,通过室内试验对比了传统叠片过滤器和具有离散型流道结构的叠片过滤器在不同流量下的水头损失,并采用Fluent19.0对清水条件下2种不同流道结构叠片过滤器内部流场分布规律进行数值模拟。结果表明:流道内部流量模拟值与试验设定值最大相对误差为4.8%;随着流量的增大,传统叠片过滤器产生的水头损失更为明显,与传统叠片过滤器相比,离散型流道叠片过滤器产生的水头损失在最大流量下降幅为20.8%;对不同流道进行内部流场分析,得出同一流量下离散型流道的平均过流断面面积大于直线型流道,过流断面面积越大,则流速越小,水头损失也越小,离散型流道内部局部水头损失占主导地位,凸台的离散排列降低了沿程水头损失。研究结果可为叠片流道的设计和结构优化提供参考。     

Two new characteristic parameters for runoff computation

A method capable of estimating the hydrograph from a prescribed storm for a practical mild slope upstream catchment is proposed. This method makes use of two new characteristic parameters, andS, in conjunction with the kinematic wave equation to compute lateral inflows of the main stream of the catchment. The depth profile of overland flow at any instant within the catchment and hydrograph at any location can be easily found. Lag times for individual lateral inflows are then considered and are linearly combined to obtain the hydrograph at the outlet of the catchment or depth profile of the main stream at any instant. The validity of the excess rainfall-surface runoff linear relationship in this study has also been verified with Tatsunokuchiyama catchment, and it shows good results for this computed runoff.     

现金制与应计制财务报表有用性的问卷调查分析

中国的《企业会计准则——现金流量表》要求所有企业从1998年开始编制现金流量表，它克服了传统财务报表所体现的、与应计制会计确认和计量程序相关联的局限性。但是现金流量表、资产负债表和利润表的决策有用性是否存在差异，还缺乏经验证据。本文设计调查问卷，要求财务报表使用者在21种决策背景下封三大报表的有用性追行评级。结果表明，现金流量表在许多决策背景下可以与利润表和资产负债表相媲美，而在以下决策背景下，现金流量表的评级大大高于其他两张报表：评价流动性，评价短期偿债能力，评价支付股利的能力，评价净利润的质量，突出净利润与现金余额之间的差异，预测财务危机，以及预测未来现金流量的金额与时间。     

The Theory of Socially Embedded Games: Applications and Extensions to Open and Closed Games

An earlier article, drawing on the mathematical theory of rules and rule complexes, extends and generalizes game theory (GGT). The theory has been used to conceptualize and analyze diverse social relationships, roles, and games as particular types of rule complexes.For instance, a social role, as a major basis of a parent's action in a game, consists of at least four key components – which are mathematical objects – in the determination of action: value complex, model of reality (including beliefs and knowledge bases), a repertoire of acts, routines, programs, and strategies, and modality, a role-specific algorithm for determining or generating action in game settings. This article applies and extends GGT in analyses of a market bargaining game (a type of open game) and of the classical game of prisoners' dilemma (a type of closed game). The applications show the concrete effects of social embeddedness on game structuring, game interaction patterns and outcomes, and social equilibria.     

在全面开放的市场中,我国物流业发展探讨

现在我国已步入了“WTO后过渡期”，物流市场已全面开放，面对大批跨国公司已经或即将涌入，文章对我国物流业发展的现状和存在问题进行分析，并探讨我国物流业发展的策略。     

建设项目后评价工作程序设计

按照动态控制原理,从实操的角度出发,设计建设项目后评价工作程序框图。针对程序框图中“确定后评价目标及内容”、“制定后评价计划”、“收集实际数据”等后评价工作内容,进行重点讨论。