应用系统理论模型分析社会管理的均衡点——以广西贺州为例

许多发达的国家和地区运用系统理论及系统模型方法构造出经济、科技、社会协调发展模式,并设计出相应的战略对策,在实际应用中收到满意的经济效益、社会效益,甚至是政治效益。应用系统理论及其系统模型方法分析研究社会管理的综合均衡问题,是一个颇具价值的课题。     

可标准化服务行业对服务业发展的影响——基于两部门模型的分析

从理论上探讨了标准化促进服务业发展的内在机制。构建了两部门模型,分析了可标准化服务部门对服务业发展的影响。利用2003—2012年中国服务业的省际数据,运用面板模型对可标准化服务部门的溢出效应进行了估算,利用DEA方法对服务业各行业的全要素生产率进行了测算和分解。结果表明:可标准化服务部门要素的边际产出高于不可标准化服务部门,发展可标准化服务部门有利于服务业增长;可标准化服务行业对不可标准化服务行业的溢出效应为负,原因在于可标准化服务行业的全要素生产率较低,因此在当前发展阶段需要进一步对可标准化服务行业内部进行优化整合。     

Environmental Valuation with Imperfect Information The Case of the Random Utility Model

This paper considers welfare analysis with therandom utility model (RUM) when perceptions ofenvironmental quality differ from objectivemeasures of environmental quality. Environmental quality is assumed to be anexperience good, so that while perceptions ofquality determine choices, ex postutility is determined by objective quality. Given this assumption, I derive a measure ofthe welfare impact of changes in environmentalquality, and I show how this new welfaremeasure differs from the traditional welfaremeasure developed by Hanemann (1982). This newwelfare measure provides an approach tomeasuring the value of information aboutenvironmental quality within the framework ofthe random utility model.     

基于三阶段DEA模型的中国城市效率研究

使用三阶段DEA模型,在排除外部环境条件和随机误差影响的情况下,对2001—2007年中国266个地级及以上城市的效率进行了评价,并探讨了中国城市效率的环境响应机制。结果显示:中国城市效率受城市空间格局、区位条件、政府竞争环境、人口环境和历史条件等外部环境条件以及随机误差的影响;具体而言,外部城市影响程度强或区位条件较好有助于降低城市要素投入的冗余水平;政府竞争环境较激烈或历史发展条件较优越会促使城市要素投入冗余水平提高;人口环境对城市各类要素投入的影响存在显著差异。     

Estimating the gravity model when zero trade flows are frequent and economically determined

ABSTRACT

Since the 1950s, we have known that the presence of zero-valued dependent variables can seriously bias econometric estimates whether the zeros are included or excluded. Yet the widely-used gravity model is frequently estimated on samples that include large fractions of zeros. An influential paper by Santos Silva and Tenreyro – based on simulations that include no economically-determined zeros – concludes that the bias problems resulting from zeros and those resulting from heteroscedasticity and nonlinearity can be solved using the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood (PPML) model including the zero values. This paper begins by adapting the Santos Silva and Tenreyro experimental design to include economically-determined zeros to see whether this conclusion continues to hold. With this design, it finds that alternative estimators have lower bias than PPML. Changing to a Monte Carlo design that replicates the much-higher real-world frequency of predicted values near zero restores the finding of lower bias with the PPML estimator. The results highlight the need for very careful design of Monte Carlo experiments when evaluating alternative estimators of the gravity model.     

视频流应用层组播系统的设计与实现

文章设计了一个用于视频流分发的应用层组播系统,系统由视频采集、视频编解码、组播传输和服务器4个模块构成。视频捕获采用Video for Windows(VFW)技术实现,编解码基于H.263标准。网络结构上提出使用混合P2P树形结构,降低了中心服务器的压力,服务器负责会议成员信息的管理,为组播树的建立与维护提供支持,组播传输使用基于度约束的构造算法,考虑了节点带宽和计算能力。该系统已投入运行,基本达到设计目标。     

基于灰色系统模型的城乡建设用地规模预测——以常德市鼎城区为例

土地利用总体规划是区域性的综合规划,为地方性的经济发展提供科学和法律依据.建设用地的有效供给是地方经济发展基础,建设用地需求量预测是土地利用总体规划编制的核心,也是土地利用管理的依据.为了切实搞好常德市鼎城区的土地利用总体规划,使之更具有前瞻性、可操作性,必须切合实际地搞好建设用地需求规模和布局的预测.采用灰色系统模型,通过灰色关联度分析,建设用地发展与GDP、总人口、市镇人口、社会固定资产投资、人均GDP、第二产业产值、第三产业产值密切相关.基于这些因子,采用灰色系统模型法、建立GM(1,1)灰色模型,进行了2010年和2020年的城乡建设用地规模的预测.GM(1,1)模型可以进行长期预测,但预测仅反映一种趋势,综合考虑驱动因素的灰色线性组合模型更具有预测的可靠性.利用GM(1,1)模型和线性模型组合,进行城乡建设用地规模预测,可为土地利用总体规划提供可靠的保证.     

The Competitive Advantage of Collaboration – Throwing New Light on The Nordic Model

ABSTRACT

In one of the most influential contributions to modern political economy, Hall and Soskice have launched a distinction between ‘liberal’ and ‘coordinated’ market economies, placing the Nordic countries firmly in the latter category. We argue that, while the H&S distinction may serve classificatory purposes, seeing the Nordic model in terms of ‘coordinated capitalism’ blurs the distinctive features of the Nordic countries’ success as productive and fair economies. We contend that the central formula behind this success lies in what we call the Nordic model’s ambidexterity – the capacity to combine collaborative and competitive elements and skilfully navigate between them. Using an interdisciplinary perspective (inspired by organisation theory, cultural semiotics and evolutionary analysis), we provide a conceptual basis for reinterpreting the Nordic Model as an ambidextrous combination of culturally rooted, collaborative strategies that are subsequently competitively exposed. The article illustrates the workings of this ambidexterity in three societal domains: work life (including female participation), resource management – illustrated by the Norwegian petro-economy – and international business management and regulation with a focus on CSR. In each case we will show how collaboration is intertwined with pragmatic competitive exposure, yielding high productivity, high welfare, as well as fair income and wealth distribution.     

新型农村社会养老保险替代率精算模型及其实证分析

本文依据2009年国务院发布的《关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见》,运用保险精算的方法,构建出新农保替代率精算模型,并依据该模型对新农保替代率进行实证分析。通过分析提出以下建议:以农民人均纯收入作为缴费基数,实行比例费率制;鼓励农民尽早开始参保并保持长期缴费;鼓励参保农民选择较高的档次标准缴费;新农保个人账户基金应当在适当情况下进行市场化投资运营;继续强化土地保障和家庭保障的作用。     

Islamist terrorism and the status of women

We investigate the effect of Islamist terrorist activity on women's legal position in society, using data for 171 countries between 1970 and 2016. To identify causal effects, we exploit the prevalence of Islamist terrorism in neighboring countries as an exogenous source of variation, arguing that regional terrorism affects local terrorism through contagion effects. We show that increased activity by Islamist terrorist groups is linked to lower legal status of women. By contrast, we find that neither Islam per se nor other types of terrorism have comparable effects. This reinforces the notion that Islamist terrorism is singularly interested and effective in weakening women's rights. Our results are consistent with a rational-economic model of terrorism, where Islamist terrorists purposefully use violence to maximize political utility, while governments make concessions that constrain the role of women because the costs of compliance are lower than the harm from continued Islamist terrorism.