Partition of metals in the Vistula River and in effluents from sewage treatment plants in the region of Cracow (Poland)

The Vistula River suffers from heavy pollution with multiple origins. In the upper reaches, metallic and chlorine pollution originates from the mining and industrial region of Upper Silesia. Downstream from Upper Silesia, urban and industrial sewage adds more metallic and organic contaminants from the large urban agglomeration of Cracow. Although the river status is monitored routinely, little is known about the partition of metals between particulate and dissolved forms. This study focuses on metal partitioning and on the impact of the two main wastewater treatment plants at Cracow on metal concentrations in the Vistula River. The Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn content was measured in both dissolved and particulate fractions. High metal concentrations in the Vistula River persist, although current levels seem to be lower than those in the past. Metal concentrations in the Vistula River and effluents from the sewage treatment plants at Cracow are similar, indicating a relatively minor contribution from the treated sewage. However, untreated sewage may be a significant source of contaminants. Despite high anthropogenic metal concentrations, the metal partitioning coefficients (K_d) in the Vistula are similar to these found in unpolluted rivers. Within a narrow pH range, K_d values depend on the metal affinity to particles, but there is no evidence of dependence on particle or chloride concentrations. An important fraction of the toxic metals Pb and Cd is associated with particles, which may decrease their immediate availability to the biota of the river.     

辉发河水质现状调查与评价

通过对辉发河水源水质现状的调查分析，阐明了辉发河水系的污染特点、主要污染物及近年来的水质变化趋势，为辉发河的整治提供科学依据。     

What Global Emission Regulations Should Corporations Support?

In their role as political actors and lobbyists, corporations have responsibilities to help determine the existence and content of global regulations of pollutants. The ethical nature of those responsibilities is highly sensitive to the assumed normative framework. This paper compares several frameworks by modeling them as differently weighted versions of utilitarianism. Under a strict neoclassical approach, corporations have a narrow obligation to maximize profits, which generally entails opposing emission regulations. In contrast, a stakeholder approach as well as Marxian and common ethics approaches suggest that firms have an obligation to actively support sustainable emission regulations with the following properties

嘉兴市城市水体微生物污染状况的调查

检测嘉兴市市内河道水、运河水、湖泊水、自来水中细菌总数、大肠菌群、致病菌、霉菌和酵母菌在不同环境温度下的分布，了解嘉兴市城市不同水体微生物污染状况。在5℃环境温度下，市内河道水、运河水、湖泊水、自来水的超标率分别为88．9％、72．2％、61．1％和0，而在12℃和25℃环境温度下的超标率则分别为94．4％、83．3％、88．9％、0和100．0％、100．0％、100．0％、22．2％，在相同环境温度下，市内河道水、运河水、湖泊水与自来水相比较，超标显著（P〈0．05）。尤以细菌总数、大肠菌数和霉菌和酵母菌超标严重。嘉兴市城市市内河道水、运河水、湖泊水微生物污染严重，并随环境温度的升高，超标率增高。     

农业非点源污染物在水塘景观系统中的空间变异性研究

农业非点源污染是流域不同景观结构对降雨的一种综合响应过程，景观格局影响非点源污染物的产生和运移。本文研究安徽鲍家塘子流域中水田、秧田、水塘、荒地、沟渠等不同土地利用类型的总磷(TP)、速效磷(DRP)在土壤中的空间分布，以及降雨径流过程中TP、DRP、溶解态总磷(DTP)、悬浮物(TSS)在多水塘景观结构中的动态变化。结果表明：养分在流域不同景观组分土壤中的空间变化，是人为干扰景观异质性的综合结果；磷素输出以颗粒态磷(TP-DTP)为主，在不同景观中具有显著性差异；施肥水田是最主要的“源”景观，在降雨径流过程大量释放养分和悬浮物；水塘、荒地、没有施肥水田持留养分和悬浮物，是流域的“汇”景观，水塘有效地持留颗粒态磷；水塘系统中的沟渠是非点源污染物的主要运移通道。因此，通过对流域土地利用和景观格局的优化调整，达到对流域景观中养分过程的有效管理，实现对农业非点源污染的控制。     

河道曝气技术在苏州地区河流污染治理中的应用

根据河道曝气技术控制河流水环境污染的基本原理以及在国内外的应用进展,结合苏州河流污染的实际情况,分析了在苏州地区利用河道曝气技术的可能性、可行性。针对苏州河道的特征,应选用相应的模型来计算需氧量并选择不同的充氧设备进行曝气复氧,同时配合多种措施来提高河道曝气复氧的效果。合理运用河道曝气技术可以快速提高溶解氧、改善水体黑臭现象、净化水质,在苏州这样的河网城市具有较为广阔应用前景。     

九洲江水系水污染控制方案研究

对九洲江水系的水体功能区进行了划分 ;在参数率定的基础上 ,根据设计水量条件 ,计算了九洲江水系的水环境容量 ;在综合考虑社会效益、经济效益和环境效益的基础上 ,提出了污染物削减分配方案并对实施该方案所需的费用进行了估算。     

Equines and their human companions

Previous research related to marketing describes deep emotional bonds that develop between humans and their pets (primarily cats and dogs). Another multi-billion-dollar international market that needs exploration flows from the highly-involving bonds between humans and their horses. Horses are not pets, but the study of equine relationships with humans generates insights into animal-companion interactions. This article reports results of an interpretive phenomenological investigation of the relationship between humans and their horses, using participant observations, in-depth interviews, and written open-ended questions including the critical-incident technique. Analysis of the data first addresses a priori themes from the animal-companionship literature and identifies themes found, themes with a twist, and themes not found. The article then discusses seven emergent themes unique to human-horse relationships — including physicality, partnership, bonding through adversity, flow experience, communitas, spirituality, and life lessons.     

基于政府间博弈竞争的越界流域水污染治理困境分析

论文基于政府间博弈竞争的分析框架,分析中央和地方政府间、同级地方政府间博弈竞争在越界流域水污染治理中的策略性行为,通过对双重博弈竞争模型均衡结果的分析,发现地方政府对辖区流域水污染治理的概率取决于中央政府的监管成本和处罚力度,而在缺乏有效监督和处罚的情况下,地方政府的"理性"选择是不治理,地方政府间的"囚徒困境"导致流域水污染越来越严重。首先,要构建强有力的流域组织协调机构;其次,要建立科学的地方政府绩效评估体系;第三,要构建流域水污染治理生态补偿机制。     

胜利油田北部采油区浅层地下水有机污染特征研究

在对胜利油田北部采油区水文地质条件和污染源现状分析的基础上,对浅层地下水进行了样品采集与有机污染物含量测试研究。分析研究结果表明:胜利油田采油区地下水已普遍受有机物污染并形成多个有机污染区,污染程度油田采油井数量、采油年限及相关石油化工工业布局的控制。