小额信贷业务的偏差与规范

小额信贷在当前遭遇了发展困境，贷款余额逐年下降，究其原因在于小额信贷发展过程中出现了嫌贫爱富、期限偏短、扭曲运行这三大偏差，为保证小额信贷的健康发展，亟需还原小额信贷的本来特性，对运作细节进行调整，摆正政府的位置。     

Characteristics of temperature-compensator fillers in convective shafts of boiler units

Results of investigations of the physico-mechanical and aerodynamic characteristics of granular materials used as channel fillers in the temperature compensators of convective shafts of boiler units are presented. Possible causes of influxes of air into gas conduits of the boiler through a sand compensator are analyzed. A multilayer procedure is proposed for filling of the bulk compensator, and computational relationships are presented for determination of the height of each layer and its aerodynamic resistance. Results of the investigations were implemented at the Krasnoyarsk TéTs-2 thermoelectric power station (TEPS) during assembly of the No. 6 BKZ-500-140 boiler. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, January, 2007, No. 1, pp. 31–35.     

浅谈投标报价的编制

水利电力工程招投标体制日益完善，投标报价工作变得尤为重要，作为水电建筑行业的承包商应知己知彼，根据竞争对手的情况，采取策赂，做好投标报价工作，才能最大可能地争取到工程项目。因此，编制投标标价时，应注意以下几点：投标报价要完全响应招标文件；重视现场踏勘与标前会议；理清工程项目的所属关系和隐含内容；重视基础单价编制；确定合理的施工方案；谨慎选择费率等。在确定投标报价时应考虑中标率，未来收益，参与竞争的人数和竞争者投标条件等因素。     

开发人禽流感险是适应市场勇于创新的表现

当下正是人们普遍关注禽流感疫情之时，民生人寿和华安财险两家保险公司先后推出专门针对人禽流感的定期人寿保险，引起了保险界极大关注，褒贬不一，批评者认为这是哗众取宠；保费没有精算基础；发生大规模赔付怎么办。本文却认为推出人禽流感保险是新兴保险公司适应市场勇于创新的很好表现，开展特色业务一般都是通过经验估计制定费率，尔后在实践中不断调整和完善；在国家和整个社会全体动员积极预防禽流感的情况下，导致疫情大规模扩散引发大规模保险赔付的概率微乎其微，不存在影响其它险种客户利益的情况。     

Future of Economic Growth for South Korea*

More than 80 percent of US growth between 1950 and 1993 can be attributed to transition dynamics (increases in R&D intensity and educational attainment), with less than 20 percent of growth deriving from population growth. Similarly, growth accounting shows that 80 percent of economic growth in Korea can be attributed to transition dynamics. However, the specific factors that have moved Korea far from its steady state are significantly different from the factors that have done so for the USA. In addition to the growth rates of the two countries, we also analyzed the (steady‐state) level of output per worker to determine where the Korean economy is headed relative to the USA. In 1960, Korea was characterized as poor (0.111) relative to its own steady state (0.765), and incomes were at 11.1 percent of those in the USA. Since then, however, Korea has been growing more rapidly than the USA. In our analysis, we also consider the extreme case where total factor productivity levels converge completely. Interestingly, in this case, the USA and Korea exhibit unconditional convergence similar to what is generally observed in the OECD. As the economy approaches the steady‐state income level, however, the growth rate of output per capita will decline.     

Interference of Local Government, Industrial Concentrative Rate and Corporate Diversification

This paper studies the effects of internal and external environments on the strategic decision-making of diversification using the cross-sectional data of China＇s 1 033 non-financial listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai Exchange. Corporate external-environment is substituted by index of marketization and market concentrative rate, and internal-environment is substituted by governance framework and financial status. The multi-regression analysis shows that the strategic decision-making of diversification is prominently affected by external factors such as index of marketization and market concentrative rate, and is significantly negative related to the proportion of state-owned shares and corporate shares. There is no correlation between diversification and whether directors hold concurrently, or manager compensation, cash flow, and debt ratio.     

吉林省工业节水与技术分析

吉林省工业用水水平较低,节水潜力较大.本文简要介绍工业节水的重要性,结合工业实际,分析工业节水的技术途径、技术难点,促进工业节水,提高水资源利用效率,实现吉林省经济社会的可持续发展.     

Should Estonia euroize?

Estonia has been operating a currency board arrangement tied to the deutschemark, now the euro, since 1992. Optimal currency area considerations, policy orientation and the flexibility of prices and wages in Estonia support a case for monetary union with the eurozone. But the European Union requires Estonia to wait until EU accession and subsequent Eurosystem accession before it can adopt the euro. In the meanwhile, gains expected from euroization — lower and more stable interest rates, lower transactions costs in trade and increased transparency, all of which would promote trade, investments and economic growth — would be forgone. In this context, the paper raises the question, should Estonia go ahead and euroize now? JEL classification: E42, E58, F33.     

光催化氧化降解活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水试验

研究Fenton氧化技术处理偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B模拟废水的反应条件及处理效果,主要考察了Fe2+和H2O2的用量、温度以及废水的pH值等条件对色度和化学耗氧量(COD)去除率的影响。实验结果显示,Fenton氧化反应对废水色度和COD都有较好的去除效果,去除率分别为99.78%和94.34%。考察了不同光照条件Fenton试剂对废水的处理效果,结果表明光照能够加快Fenton反应速度、提高COD去除率。