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31.
本文首先研究了企业履行社会责任的模式并提出了企业社会责任的层次模型;其次,将企业需求与个人需求在企业生态学的范畴下进行了类比,提出了企业需求层次模型,并将企业需求归纳为企业履行社会责任的动力;再次,本文运用企业生命周期原理,将企业成长状况看作是衡量企业具有一定的履行社会责任能力的体现;最后,通过将企业需求、企业能力与企业社会责任进行匹配探讨,揭示了企业履行社会责任的动力和能力原理及其可能的行为,并得出了一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
32.
根据实现带全局意义的两个根本性转变的要求,阐述了应用产品寿命周期理论对企业标准化工作的作用和意义。 相似文献
33.
We consider whether oil prices can account for business cycle asymmetries. We test for asymmetries based on the Markov switching
autoregressive model popularized by Hamilton (1989), using the tests devised by Clements and Krolzig (2000). We find evidence
against the conventional wisdom that recessions are more violent than expansions: while some part of the downturn in economic
activity that characterises recessionary periods can be attributed to dramatic changes in the price of oil, post-War US economic
growth is characterized by the steepness of expansions.
First Version Received: December 2000/Final Version Received: September 2001 相似文献
34.
35.
由于在产品不同生命周期阶段市场竞争具有不同的特征,因此企业采取的市场战略也有较大的差别。应用物流系统的动态评价方法,研究了有效支撑企业产品市场竞争战略的物流系统应该具有的关键性特征,并在此基础上分析了如何组织企业内外部的物流资源,使得物流系统成本最小化的动态规划问题。 相似文献
36.
随着新经济的到来,知识越来越成为企业快速响应市场机遇和获取竞争优势的最短缺资源.而企业自身知识资源的有限性使企业越来越多地采用虚拟企业的高级形态--知识联盟型虚拟企业来弥补企业知识资源的不足以快速响应变化的市场需求.本文首先对知识联盟型虚拟企业的知识缺口类型进行研究和划分,然后分析并描述虚拟企业生命周期各阶段的知识活动;在此基础之上,探讨虚拟企业组建阶段考虑知识要素的伙伴选择过程;最后,针对不同的知识缺口,提出伙伴选择过程的评价指标体系设计中应考虑的知识性因素. 相似文献
37.
Robert F. Mulligan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2006,19(4):311-336
An Austrian interpretation of the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is proposed. Austrian and New
Keynesian business cycle theories share the feature that the cycle is generated by rigidities which prevent the economy from
adapting instantaneously to changing conditions. Austrian business cycle theory is capital-based, focusing on credit expansion
which artificially lowers interest rates and causes an investment boom and unsustainable business expansion. In contrast,
the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is based on nominal rigidities which prevent markets from clearing.
Small menu costs introduce dichotomous behavior, where firms find it locally optimal to avoid instantaneous output price adjustments
in the face of the cost, but this local optimum results in economy-wide output and employment fluctuations which are much
greater in relative magnitude. The small menu cost model of the business cycle is extended and reinterpreted in light of Austrian
business cycle theory with heterogeneous, multiply-specific capital, thus providing a rigorous formalization of the Austrian
business cycle. The Austrian interpretation of this New Keynesian model fortuitously addresses several of its shortcomings.
JEL classification B53, E12, E23, E32 相似文献
38.
We analyse the state of the art in the field of life cycle portfolio choice, a recent strand of the literature on intertemporal
portfolio selection. Life cycle models are designed to identify optimal savings and portfolio policies over the lifetime of
investors. They can help to improve pension schemes by showing how these could be specifically tailored to the individual
employee’s circumstances to overcome the ‘one-size-fits-all’ philosophy still prevailing in parts of the mandatory retirement
savings system. To facilitate comparison, we first describe set-up, solution method and characteristic results for a basic
model and then derive a general framework to classify existing contributions. We highlight the models’ strengths and weaknesses
and assess their ability to resolve existing portfolio puzzles. Lessons from the literature are summarized and promising areas
for further research identified.
JEL classifications G11, D14, D91, H55 相似文献
39.
Małgorzata Iwanicz-Drozdowska Paola Bongini Paweł Smaga Bartosz Witkowski 《Post - Communist Economies》2019,31(3):349-382
This paper explores the finance–growth nexus in 14 countries from Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe (CESEE) over the 1995–2015 period. It investigates whether including two ‘non-standard’ variables, i.e. a credit cycle dummy and foreign bank relevance, deepens our understanding of the role of a typical financial determinant of economic growth, i.e. bank credit. We find evidence of a negative impact of bank credit on economic growth and the significance of cyclical fluctuations of bank credit. In contrast, a higher market share of loans granted by foreign-owned banks in a cyclical upswing and stock market capitalisation are found to have a proactive effect on growth. 相似文献
40.
Robert U. Ayres 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,6(3):207-230
Economists are increasingly interested in forecasting future costs and benefits of policies for dealing with materials/energy fluxes, polluting emissions and environmental impacts on various scales, from sectoral to global. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are currently popular because they project demand and industrial structure into the future, along an equilibrium path. But they are applicable only to the extent that structural changes occur in or near equilibrium, independent of radical technological (or social) change. The alternative tool for analyzing economic implications of scenario assumptions is to use Leontief-type Input-Output (I-O) models. I-O models are unable to endogenize structural shifts (changing I-O coefficients). However, this can be a virtue when considering radical rather than incremental shifts. Postulated I-O tables can be used independently to check the internal consistency of scenarios. Or I-O models can be used to generate scenarios by linking them to econometric macro-drivers (which can, in principle, be CGE models). Explicit process analysis can be integrated, in principle, with I-O models. This hybrid scheme provides a natural means of satisfying physical constraints, especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics. This is important, to avoid constructing scenarios based on physically impossible processes. Process analysis is really the only available tool for constructing physically plausible alternative future I-O tables, and generating materials/energy and waste emissions coefficients. Explicit process analysis also helps avoid several problems characteristic of pure CGE or I-O models, viz. (1) aggregation errors (2) inability to handle arbitrary combinations of co-product and co-input relationships and (3) inability to reflect certain non-linearities such as internal feedback loops. 相似文献