Optimal Operation of Reservoir Systems using Simulated Annealing

A stochastic search technique, simulated annealing (SA), is used to optimize the operation of multiple reservoirs. Seminal application of annealing technique in general to multi-period, multiple-reservoir systems, along with problem representation and selection of different parameter values used in the annealing algorithm for specific cases is discussed. The search technique is improved with the help of heuristic rules, problem-specific information and concepts from the field of evolutionary algorithms. The technique is tested for application to a benchmark problem of four-reservoir system previously solved using a linear programming formulation and its ability to replicate the global optimum solution is examined. The technique is also applied to a system of four hydropower generating reservoirs in Manitoba, Canada, to derive optimal operating rules. A limited version of this problem is solved using a mixed integer nonlinear programming and results are compared with those obtained using SA. A better objective function value is obtained using simulated annealing than the value from a mixed integer non-linear programming model developed for the same problem. Results obtained from these applications suggest that simulated annealing can be used for obtaining near-optimal solutions for multi-period reservoir operation problems that are computationally intractable.     

Water quality assessment of a recently refilled reservoir: The case of Bütgenbach Reservoir, Belgium

Bütgenbach Reservoir is situated in the High Ardennes plateau in eastern Belgium (50°25′N; 6°13′E). It is used principally for flood control and for production of hydroelectric energy. It has been subjected to a previous series of studies because of its eutrophication problems and their impacts on the local economy. Bütgenbach Reservoir was emptied during spring 2004 for dam restoration, being refilled in mid‐September of the same year. Selected physicochemical and biological parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, inorganic and organic nutrients, chlorophyll‐a) were measured fortnightly during the lake's productive season (mid‐April to mid‐October 2005) at three sampling sites throughout the water column. The water quality conditions after refilling of the lake were compared to previous studies accomplished at the same sampling sites (prior to emptying the lake). The actual trophic status was mesotrophic to eutrophic, based on the combination of total phosphorous and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, as well as water transparency. Bütgenbach Reservoir generally exhibits good water quality, based on the French water quality system SEQ‐eau. A longitudinal decrease in water quality was observed from upstream to downstream, because mainly of the differences in lake bottom morphology and water residence time, and their impacts on nutrient distribution in the lake.     

圩区排涝模数计算方法研究

合理确定圩区排涝模数对于降低涝灾损失有重要意义。圩区内土地利用性质的不同,会导致产汇流机制和排涝标准的不同,但排涝模数的计算方法基本一致。本文根据圩区下垫面条件进行产汇流计算,入河流量扣除滞蓄量得到排涝模数,充分考虑到圩内河道的调蓄作用。以常熟市为例,对城镇圩区、农业圩区排涝模数进行计算,并分析了两种圩区不同的排涝要求对排涝模数计算方法的影响。     

标准化在油藏监测工作中的作用

以油藏监测工作中的油藏压力监测为例，介绍了标准化工作在压力资料录取及解释分析中的作用。并用实例说明了标准化作业在油田开发方案的制定及油藏压力监测中的应用。     

水库灌区的全程节水技术

本文就水库灌区多方位的水资源浪费状况。提出了水库应采用汛限分级方法多蓄水的观点；结合降雨，作物需水等建立了水库供水、渠道输配水的高效节水模型；同时对水库——渠道——田间灌水等全程节水技术进行了探讨。     

百色水库和龙滩水库淹没土地补偿概算单价比较

通过对百色水利枢纽和龙滩水电站土地补偿概算单价进行比较分析,找出控制土地补偿的关键因素,对 制定广西实施《大中型水利水电工程征地补偿和移民安置条例》办法和编制两工程调整概算,提供参考。     

属性识别理论在黄前水库水质评价中的应用

本文根据属性识别理论,探讨了水库水质的综合评价模型,应用此模型对黄前水库的水质进行评价,结果与灰色关联度法基本相同,比较符合实际情况。同时该方法简单、易懂,更适合于有标准的系统质量评价问题。     

桃林口水库大坝人工监测项目管理软件的开发与应用

介绍了桃林口水库大坝人工监测项目管理软件研制的意义。对软件结构、开发环境、基本计算原理、主要功能进行了详细阐述；并以大坝垂直位移分析为例,详细讲述了回归分析在资料分析中的具体应用。该软件的应用使工程管理水平上了一个新台阶。     

天生桥梯级水电站联合调度决策支持系统建设经验

决策支持系统是水库优化调度实用化的发展方向，对于提高水电站生产效益和水库调度管理水平具有重要意义。结合国电公司重点科技项目“天生桥梯级水电站联合调度决策支持系统”的开发，阐述了开发水电调度决策支持系统实现水库调度实用化的经验:正确反映用户需求、增强用户对系统的控制、用模拟仿真弥补优化调度的不足、用数据库技术扩展水库优化调度实用化功能。     

故县水库的开发任务与调度运用

通过对故县水库水文特征分析,论述了水库开发任务和要求。并根据水库的洪水、径流、泥沙特性,拟定了水库防洪运用的控制条件和运用方式,以及水库的兴利运用水位和原则。对水库工程的投资和效益作出了分析和评价。