关于现代河流生态保护的哲学思考

从矛盾观、自然观、系统观等唯物辩证法的方法论入手,对河流生态保护进行了哲学反恩。必须运用系统的观点来看待河流系统,保护河流系统的完整性和连续性;必须减轻人类活动对河流自然形态的限制,恢复河流的千姿百态;必须深刻认识河流的演化规律,正确处理好人类和河流之间的关系,不断实现人水和谐;必须尊重河流生命,从辩证的角度在河流开发利用与河流保护之间不断寻求折中点,通过最大努力保护和修复河流生态。     

新疆奎屯河洪水特征和最大值研究

洪水极易造成各种灾害,对当地经济发展影响巨大,通过对奎屯河洪水特征分析研究,揭示奎屯河洪水和最大值规律,以便制定措施治害兴利,为防洪和工程管理及当地经济发展提供科学依据。     

Excel回归分析拟合河流水位-流量关系

Excel集数据分析、数据计算、图文处理功能为一身,包含了大量的与多变量回归分析相关的函数和工具。利用Excel回归分析拟合河流水位-流量关系的方法比Origin、 MATLAB等专业数据分析软件更为简单实用。文章依据某水文站水位-流量实测数据,以Excel提供的5种趋势预测类型,分别阐述河流水位-流量关系Excel回归分析的方法和步骤,并利用拟合优度参数对拟合结果进行了检验和分析。     

小型水库大坝安全分类初步分析

结合小型水库,对国内外的大坝安全分类进行了初步分析。认为按库容划分小型水库的标准单一,三类坝的安全分类难以反映小型水库的大坝风险,建议对大坝安全进行风险分类。     

基于FLDWAV溃坝模型的公明水库失事风险评价

充分运用大坝失事概率分析和大坝失事所造成的下游经济损失、生命损失估算基础上的风险概念,通过对由6座大坝和中间相连山丘组成的公明水库进行深入的风险分析研究,采用专家经验法定量确定了风险事件发生的概率,采用美国国家气象局（NWS）开发的FLDWAV溃坝模型进行了工程失事洪水演进分析,确定了溃坝影响范围以及失事后果。与此同时对大坝及泄洪泄水建筑物的型式、位置、大小等进行综合分析论证,提出针对性地预防灾害的发生和减少溃坝带来的损失的抑制、转移措施,优化了工程的设计质量,对提高大坝安全运行保证率有重大的意义。研究工作可为其他类似情况的水库工程风险分析研究工作提供参考借鉴。     

城市防洪泵站振动测试技术探析

为对城市防洪泵站运行中异常、连续的振动进行测试,为泵站维修前后的振动提供对比数据,安装振动测试系统。分析泵站振动变送器的原理、选型,介绍测试系统的组成原理,阐述振动测试系统的安装及注意事项,以及测试系统的校准方法。振动测试系统投入运行几个月来采集的数据,对振动工况的判断、水泵和电机的运行性能,以及维修前后的振动情况对比提供支持,达到了预期目的。     

基于指标权重的湖库营养状态识别

针对湖库营养状态识别未考虑指标权重及营养状态分级较少的不足,基于熵值法与概率神经网络（PNN）基本原理,提出熵值PNN湖库营养状态识别模型,以全国24个湖库营养状态识别为例进行分析。利用熵值法确定识别指标权重,依据我国湖库富营养化评价标准,将湖库营养状态划分为极贫营养一极重度富营养11个等级,提出基于改进的湖库营养状态识别等级标准,在等级标准域值间采用随机内插的方法生成样本对PNN模型进行训练和检验,利用正确识别率和运行时间对PNN模型性能进行评价。最后,基于两种方案对全国24个湖库营养状态进行识别。结果表明：@PNN模型对于随机生成的训练样本和检验样本的正确识别率分别达到98．9％、98．6％（5次平均）,模型用于湖库营养状态识别是合理可行的。②湖库识别结果存在差异。比较而言,基于指标权重考虑的识别结果更能科学、客观地反映湖库营养状态。     

Economic Benefits of Reservoirs in the Irrigated Agriculture

Abstract

In the Jordan Valley of Jordan, the demand for water and ability to control its location, timing, quality, and quantity are becoming critical. The competition for water between the urban and agricultural sectors is increasing. There is a general trend in Jordan to reduce water allocated for agricultural use. Increasing the price of irrigation water or restricting the planted areas of water consuming crops, such as bananas, has been implemented during the recent growing season. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the impact of optimal allocation of irrigation water by building storage capacity on the economy of Jordan Valley. A linear programming technique is used, and the main results show that for proper management of water storage capacity, the suggested cropping pattern would generate $88.2 million, whereas the actual cropping pattern generated $74.4 million. The optimal water demand schedule is distributed according to the needs of the planted crops, and water demand has been allocated in an efficient way. In addition, appropriate management of storage capacity has solved the problem of water scarcity during the summer months, when peak production takes place. Storage-transfer system between locations played a significant role in reallocating irrigation water through the storage system. This compensates to a high degree in keeping the agricultural production more stable in physical and monetary units.     

溪洛渡水电站泄洪系统运行特点

溪洛渡水电站具有“窄河谷、高拱坝、巨泄量”的特点,泄洪建筑物由7个泄洪表孔、8个泄洪深孔以及4条泄洪洞组成.泄洪系统按照“分散泄洪、分区消能”的原则布置.坝身泄洪采用表孔下跌式、深孔上翘式布置,两股水舌在空中碰撞后跌入水垫塘内紊动消能.正常运行方式下,优先开启坝身泄洪深孔,后开启泄洪表孔,泄洪洞宜在坝身泄流能力不足时参与泄洪.     

新疆某水利枢纽泄洪闸闸墩温控 防裂反馈分析

Based on the basic theory of temperature field and stress field for mass concrete, a feedback calculation for the temperature control simulation is made in accordance with the specific characteristics of the pier of the flood discharge sluice for a water control project in Xinjiang. It is known through the calculation that the adoptions of both the measure to alleviate the temperature difference between the inner and the outer concrete of the pier during the early period and the measure of the following-up temperature insulation for the concrete are the favorable methods to prevent the cracking of the pier concrete, and then this study result can provide references for the related project concerned.