长江重要堤防安全监测技术的应用与发展

长江重要堤防安全监测工程中,对主要穿堤建筑物、重要堤段都布置了安全监测设施.两年多来的监测过程中,获得了大量的监测资料和信息,为评价防渗墙的渗控效果及穿堤建筑物的运行状况提供了科学依据.防渗墙是堤防加固和防渗处理的主要工程措施之一,通过监测资料分析,防渗墙的实施有效地改善了堤身、堤基的渗流状态,不同结构形式的防渗墙所起的截渗效果是不一样的.穿堤建筑物内部监测由渗压计、测缝计、位错计和界面土压力计组成,为穿堤建筑物安全运行状况和施工质量评价提供了科学的依据.堤防安全监测新技术的开发与应用研究拓展了传统的安全监测领域,先进的安全监测技术在堤防工程建设中将得到广泛应用.     

Optimal Operation of Reservoir Systems using Simulated Annealing

A stochastic search technique, simulated annealing (SA), is used to optimize the operation of multiple reservoirs. Seminal application of annealing technique in general to multi-period, multiple-reservoir systems, along with problem representation and selection of different parameter values used in the annealing algorithm for specific cases is discussed. The search technique is improved with the help of heuristic rules, problem-specific information and concepts from the field of evolutionary algorithms. The technique is tested for application to a benchmark problem of four-reservoir system previously solved using a linear programming formulation and its ability to replicate the global optimum solution is examined. The technique is also applied to a system of four hydropower generating reservoirs in Manitoba, Canada, to derive optimal operating rules. A limited version of this problem is solved using a mixed integer nonlinear programming and results are compared with those obtained using SA. A better objective function value is obtained using simulated annealing than the value from a mixed integer non-linear programming model developed for the same problem. Results obtained from these applications suggest that simulated annealing can be used for obtaining near-optimal solutions for multi-period reservoir operation problems that are computationally intractable.     

Water quality assessment of a recently refilled reservoir: The case of Bütgenbach Reservoir, Belgium

Bütgenbach Reservoir is situated in the High Ardennes plateau in eastern Belgium (50°25′N; 6°13′E). It is used principally for flood control and for production of hydroelectric energy. It has been subjected to a previous series of studies because of its eutrophication problems and their impacts on the local economy. Bütgenbach Reservoir was emptied during spring 2004 for dam restoration, being refilled in mid‐September of the same year. Selected physicochemical and biological parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, inorganic and organic nutrients, chlorophyll‐a) were measured fortnightly during the lake's productive season (mid‐April to mid‐October 2005) at three sampling sites throughout the water column. The water quality conditions after refilling of the lake were compared to previous studies accomplished at the same sampling sites (prior to emptying the lake). The actual trophic status was mesotrophic to eutrophic, based on the combination of total phosphorous and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, as well as water transparency. Bütgenbach Reservoir generally exhibits good water quality, based on the French water quality system SEQ‐eau. A longitudinal decrease in water quality was observed from upstream to downstream, because mainly of the differences in lake bottom morphology and water residence time, and their impacts on nutrient distribution in the lake.     

圩区排涝模数计算方法研究

合理确定圩区排涝模数对于降低涝灾损失有重要意义。圩区内土地利用性质的不同,会导致产汇流机制和排涝标准的不同,但排涝模数的计算方法基本一致。本文根据圩区下垫面条件进行产汇流计算,入河流量扣除滞蓄量得到排涝模数,充分考虑到圩内河道的调蓄作用。以常熟市为例,对城镇圩区、农业圩区排涝模数进行计算,并分析了两种圩区不同的排涝要求对排涝模数计算方法的影响。     

大伙房水库渗流监测自动化系统建设经验

介绍了大伙房输水工程重要的配套工程——大伙房水库渗流监测自动化系统的设计方法与实施过程，阐明了测位选布与工程衔接、方便系统维护与运行等问题，实现了与原观测系统的设计选点、施工建设、应用开发及数据处理过程等的配合，在保证系统原观测成果连续、设备运行稳定、与其他系统协调友好、施工过程不冲突和不重复的基础上，很好地实现了由传统监测向自动化监测的过渡。     

标准化在油藏监测工作中的作用

以油藏监测工作中的油藏压力监测为例，介绍了标准化工作在压力资料录取及解释分析中的作用。并用实例说明了标准化作业在油田开发方案的制定及油藏压力监测中的应用。     

水库灌区的全程节水技术

本文就水库灌区多方位的水资源浪费状况。提出了水库应采用汛限分级方法多蓄水的观点；结合降雨，作物需水等建立了水库供水、渠道输配水的高效节水模型；同时对水库——渠道——田间灌水等全程节水技术进行了探讨。     

册田水库主坝稳定分析

册田水库是桑千河千流上山西省出境处控制性工程，水库的安危直接关系到北京市和下游人民群众生命的安危。文中对大坝的渗流与坝坡稳定分别进行了计算。分析认为，册田水库主坝存在安全隐患。     

百色水库和龙滩水库淹没土地补偿概算单价比较

通过对百色水利枢纽和龙滩水电站土地补偿概算单价进行比较分析,找出控制土地补偿的关键因素,对 制定广西实施《大中型水利水电工程征地补偿和移民安置条例》办法和编制两工程调整概算,提供参考。     

曹店灌区渠道防渗衬砌技术研究

详细介绍了引黄灌区干渠衬砌试验段的设计原则、方案以及冻胀观测技术 ,根据试验结果对不同防渗材料、不同结构形式的渠道衬砌方案的使用效果及经济指标进行了分析。