新疆玛纳斯河流域水资源利用与管理

随着社会经济发展,生活水平的提高以及城市规模的扩大,玛纳斯河流域内水资源供需矛盾日益突出,用水结构发生重大变化,水资源污染日趋恶化。探讨流域水资源在利用与管理过程中出现的诸多问题,并提出改进的几点意见与建议。     

关于平阳县中小河流整治必要性探讨

平阳县河流众多,经济发展迅速,带来的环境负面影响对河流的威胁也随之增加,导致河流人为干扰严重,河流淤积阻塞、水环境恶化、生态功能退化,水土流失严重等结果。因此,急需针对平阳县中小河流存在的问题,有效地开展河流治理工作,恢复河道综合功能、提升行洪排涝能力、沟通水系、改善农村水环境、提高灌溉供水保障程度、加快新农村建设、改善民生、促进人水和谐及城乡经济的可持续发展。     

生态袋柔性护坡在临汾河道整治工程中的应用

分析了传统护坡工程对生态环境及人居环境造成的不良影响,阐述了生态护坡技术推广的必要性,结合生态袋柔性护坡技术在临汾市汾河城区段生态环境综合治理修复与保护工程中的应用,介绍了生态袋柔性护坡的原理性质、技术特点及施工要点。生态袋柔性护坡技术节能环保、结构稳定、施工方便、效果显著,值得广泛推广。     

生态袋辅助覆盖型岸坡结构在寒区河流生态修复中的应用

本文主要将生态型岸坡结构技术与植物种植技术相结合,针对河道贫瘠岸坡等自然生态脆弱衰退区,选择适应于寒区的生态型材料及岸坡结构型式,采用或坡型或垂直型岸坡结构进行岸坡加固,使其既可以满足工程安全要求,又可以使生态系统实现自身修复。该岸坡结构适应范围较广,基本不受地形、坡高、有无水体的限制,既可以解决中小河流的生态修复问题,又可以用于高陡、贫瘠、崩塌山体、库岸等岸坡的生态修复。为寒区生态护岸工程提供了一种新的思路,并且在实践中已取得了良好效果,具有较好的应用前景和推广价值。     

IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN COMPLEX WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS – CASE STUDY: THE DUERO RIVER BASIN,SPAIN

European river basin authorities are responsible for the implementation of the new river basin management plans in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive. This paper presents a new methodology framework and approach to define and evaluate environmental flow regimes in the realistic complexities that exist with multiple water resource needs at a basin scale. This approach links river basin simulation models and habitat time series analysis to generate ranges of environmental flows (e‐flows), which are evaluated by using habitat, hydropower production and reliability of water supply criteria to produce best possible alternatives. With the use of these tools, the effects of the proposed e‐flows have been assessed to help in the consultation process. The possible effects analysed are impacts on water supply reliability, hydropower production and aquatic habitat. After public agreements, a heuristic optimization process was applied to maximize e‐flows and habitat indicators, while maintaining a legal level of reliability for water resource demands. The final optimal e‐flows were considered for the river basin management plans of the Duero river basin. This paper demonstrates the importance of considering quantitative hydrologic and ecological aspects of e‐flows at the basin scale in addressing complex water resource systems. This approach merges standard methods such as physical habitat simulations and time series analyses for evaluating alternatives, with recent methods to simulate and optimize water management alternatives in river networks. It can be integrated with or used to complement other frameworks for e‐flow assessments such as the In‐stream Flow Incremental Methodology and Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染状况及其可持续发展策略研究

阿克苏河-塔里木河是干旱区纯耗散型内陆河,受人类活动影响,阿克苏河-塔里木河的水质受到不同程度的污染.利用塔河源流之一的阿克苏河中两个监测断面[龙口、西大桥]和塔河干流上游两个监测断面(阿拉尔、十四团)的实测数据对阿克苏河-塔里木河断面水质污染状况进行了分析.初步分析结果表明:①龙口、西大桥监测数据(除SS超标外)均达到国家Ⅲ类水体标准,阿拉尔、十四团监测数据(除SS超标外)均达到国家V类水体标准;②该水系的主要污染物为悬浮物、矿化度、总硬度、氯化物、硫酸盐等,说明该河的污染主要是盐碱化,其中悬浮物对该水系污染最为敏感,这主要和自然因素(水土流失、区域本底值等)有直接的关系.在此基础上对阿克苏河-塔里木河水污染源原因进行了分析,并且提出了阿克苏河-塔里木河流域可持续发展策略.总之,该水系由于天然地质环境、农田排入等因素,维持“中等污染”程度.该河受工业污染不明显,但要防止今后工业废水的大量排入.     

Measuring the economic benefits of the Youngsan River Restoration Project in Kwangju,Korea, using contingent valuation

This study examines the economic benefits of a river restoration project in the Youngsan River, Kwangju, Korea, using a contingent valuation method. It employs a spike model to address the high proportion of zero responses. The results indicate that a household's annual mean willingness to pay is KRW3410 in Kwangju and KRW1744 in other regions. The resulting benefit-cost ratio is 2.29, indicating that the project would be socially profitable, and that households appear willing to support it financially.     

River basin water resources management in China: a legal and institutional assessment

China's rivers face major challenges arising from social and economic development, particularly associated with pollution and over-abstraction. Although these issues vary significantly across the country, China has adopted a national, unified approach to manage water resources in a river basin context. This paper assesses the legal and institutional arrangements for river basin management in terms of decentralization and centralization. It considers the appropriate roles for the different levels of government, including providing for participation and integration across these levels. It proposes strengthening institutional development and capacity building in the future.     

基于RVA法的河流生态需水量研究

以河流生态水文变化的指标体系（Indicator of Hydrologic Alteration,IHA）为基础,立足整体河流水文情势的流量谱系,采用变异性范围法（Range of Variability Approach,RVA）,进行基于长系列历史流量资料的河流生态需水量估算,并以山西省5条较大河流的生态敏感断面为对象进行研究。结果表明,利用本方法估算的结果是合理的,可为河流生态需水量的估算和水资源的可持续开发利用提供科学依据。