清水沟、刁口河联合运用模式研究

提出黄河入海流路运用的约束条件和方案集,依据顶层设计的理念,采用"自上而下"的方法研究清水沟、刁口河联合运用的模式,提出流路选择、行河方式、流路运用方案、流路运用工程措施的约束条件或边界条件,设置刁口河作为分洪通道或生态调水通道、刁口河与清水沟同时行河三个方案,提出应分析各方案的工程措施,并分析其对水资源配置、生态环境、社会经济等的影响,研究流路的管理模式及调度方式。     

利用南水北调工程供水解决白洋淀缺水的构想

受资源性缺水和水质性缺水影响,白洋淀湿地生态系统逐步退化。近年来,虽凭借应急调水,多次避免了干淀危机,但长期的资源性缺水,使淀区生态功能受到严重影响。南水北调中线工程的建设实施,为解决白洋淀生态缺水问题带来了机遇。通过在南水北调总体规划与水资源调度原则的基础上,对利用南水北调水补充白洋淀进行了研究,提出了江水补淀初步方案。     

Impact assessment of climate change and human activities on annual highest water level of Taihu Lake

The annual highest water level of Taihu Lake (Zm) is very significant for flood management in the Taihu Basin. This paper first describes the inter-annual and intra-annual traits of Zm from 1956 to 2000. Then, using the Mann-Kenall (MK) and Spearman (SP) nonparametric tests, the long-term change trends of area precipitation and pan evaporation in the Taihu Basin are determined. Meanwhile, using the Morlet wavelet transformation, the fluctuation patterns and change points of precipitation and pan evaporation are analyzed. Also, human activities in the Taihu Basin are described, including land use change and hydraulic project construction. Finally, the relationship between Zm, the water level of Taihu Lake 30 days prior to the day of Zm (Z0), and the 30-day total precipitation and pan evaporation prior to the day of Zm (P and E0, respectively) is described based on multi-linear regression equations. The relative influence of climate change and human activities on the change of Zm is quantitatively ascertained. The results demonstrate that: (1) Zm was distinctly higher during the 1980-2000 period than during the 1956-1979 period, and the 30 days prior to the day of Zm are the key phase influencing Zm every year; (2) P increased significantly at a confidence level of 95% during the 1956-2000 period, while the reverse was true for E0; (3) The relationship between Zm, P and E0 distinctly changed after 1980; (4) Climate change and human activities together caused frequent occurrences of high Zm after 1980; (5) Climate change caused a substantially greater Zm difference between the 1956-1979 and 1980-2000 periods than human activities. Climate change, as represented by P and E0, was the dominant factor raising Zm, with a relative influence ratio of 83.6%, while human activities had a smaller influence ratio of 16.4%.     

少资料条件河渠冬季冰情过程模拟研究

针对天然河道开展冰情过程数值模拟普遍存在的河道断面资料、水文和气象资料缺少的难题,本研究提出了时均气温和时均太阳辐射计算方法和支流流量的动态分配方法,即根据实测日最大气温、日最小气温和日净太阳辐射率定出关键影响参数,模拟出给定气象站的时均气温和时均太阳辐射的变化过程;通过上游流量向下游传播过程的特征分析,推演出缺少支流...     

基于等效数值评价法的湖库营养状态评价分析

根据国家湖泊(水库)营养状态评价标准及分级方法,运用等效数值评价法,建立湖库营养状态综合评价的等效数值模型,以云南省9大高原湖泊为例,对滇池等湖泊营养状态进行综合评价,并与主成分分析法及指数评价法评价结果作对比分析.结果表明该模型满足评价精度要求,是一种湖库营养状态综合评价的新方法.     

Multi‐scale Approach to Hydrological Classification Provides Insight to Flow Structure in Altered River System

Rivers are hierarchical systems exhibiting processes and patterns across spatial and temporal scales principally driven by changes in flow. Hydrological indices estimated with mean or median daily flow data (i.e. daily scale) may be insensitive to anthropogenic alteration that imparts sub‐daily variation to flow. Therefore, indices developed at multiple temporal resolutions may provide additional insight into the presence of flow patterns masked by traditional techniques. We characterized the flow regime along the longitudinal gradient of the Platte River, a large Great Plains USA river, using hydrological indices derived with mean daily and sub‐daily flow data and a combination of multivariate statistical techniques. Three unique flow units were evident using daily scale flow data, whereas six unique flow units were evident at the sub‐daily scale. Flow units at both scales were not static, but rather the presence and extent of flow units across the riverscape depended on climate, tributary inflows and human influence. Anthropogenic alteration including hydropeaking was evident at the sub‐daily scale but not at the daily scale. The full complement of flow structure within regulated rivers, therefore, may not be captured using mean or median daily discharge values alone. Inductive river classification studies may benefit from assessing hydrological indices at multiple scales, particularly when investigating river systems with anthropogenic modification such as hydropeaking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

太湖湖内污染控制理念和技术

太湖的水环境恶化与生态系统退化已制约了湖泊水资源和水环境的可持续利用,湖内水生态修复工程首先要解决重污染底泥的局部薄层精确生态疏浚,为后续生态修复创造必要生境条件;湖盆水体生态修复系统应与湖滨带、生态护岸建设融为一体,维护水生态系统自我调节、更殖再生和有序结构.     

鄱阳湖水文特性分析

The Poyang lake is currently the largest freshwater lake in China. Hydrologic properties of this lake, including precipitation, runoff, flood, sediment transport and so on have been analyzed on basis of large amount of measurements. Variation of these properties within a year and among years and the regional distribution are explored. The encounter probability of the outflow from Poyang Lake with that from Changjiang River is computed and the detention volume of Poyang Lake is analyzed. In accordance with water balance theory, the detention storage volume of Poyang Lake and Changjiang River corresponding to the annual maximum 60-day flood volumes in 9 typical heavy flood years of 1968, 1969, 1973, 1980, 1983, 1996 and 1998 have been calculated. The detention storage capacity of both the Lake and the River ranges from 5.6 billion to 16.5 billion m\+3, 11.5 billion m\+3 at average. Among which, the detention storage capacity of Poyang Lake is 9.5 billion m\+3, accounting for 82.6%. Poyang Lake has played a very important role in detaining floods from the five rivers of the Lake system as well as floods on the river section from Changjiang to Bali. There would have more frequent and more serious flooding on the middle and lower Changjiang River, especially in the region around Hukou if there were no Poyang Lake to detain and store the floodwater.     

基于三维浅水模式的太湖水动力数值试验-盛行风作用下的太湖流场特征

基于三维浅水动力模式，对太湖不同定常风作用下的整层平均流场和分层流场特征做了模拟，结果发现在无旋风场的情况下，可产生有旋流场。经分析发现，有旋流场为湖底地形变化所致，若在均匀平坦的湖底地形情况下，流场中除边界以外任一点的涡度为零。在方向相反的不同定常风作用下，其环流形势相似，环流个数相等，但涡度值呈现反位相特征。数值试验表明，在定常风作用下，太湖表层流完全为风生流，流向与风向平行，中间为过渡层，底层流向相反，为补偿流，在增水区域，下沉运动强烈，而减水区域则出现较强的上升补偿流，形成封闭环流。