大同县陈庄水库改建溢洪道的水力学设计

陈庄水库是一座综合防洪、灌溉的小（1）型水库,文中从工程初步设计的角度,介绍了陈庄水库除险加固工程中溢洪道的设计。     

堤坝洪水推求及泄流能力复核分析

重庆某堤坝运行多年,由于水文资料等条件发生了一定变化,且现有的设计标准较原来有所提高,因此,有必要对堤坝在现有洪水及设计标准下的泄流能力进行复核。根据坝址附近的雨量资料,运用推理公式法及综合瞬时单位线法推求了坝址处各频率下的洪水过程,并对堤坝的泄流能力进行了复核分析,结果表明,堤坝的泄流能力满足设计要求。     

电站泄流对坝下航道影响研究进展

水电枢纽建设改善了库区航运条件,但电站泄流会对坝下游航道产生影响,需要对此研究以实现水电开发与航运建设的协调发展.在分析大量研究文献与资料的基础上,总结了电站下游流量、泥沙、水位在电站建设前后变化与沿程变化的特性,归纳了电站泄流对坝下游设计最低通航水位、通航水流条件(沿程流速、流向与比降)、河床演变的影响,以及提出了应对策略与措施等研究成果,最后指出了有待进一步研究的问题,以期推动本领域研究的深入开展.     

ADCP在感潮水文站的使用

感潮水文站河流自然流态在潮水涨、落的影响下,顺逆变化,给流量测验带来很大影响。传统流速仪测量方法,测次多,误差大,为此采用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）进行流速和流量的测量。比较了传统流速仪与ADCP测流的优缺点,介绍了ADCP的测量原理、安装、使用,详细分析了ADCP流速、流量比测和率定,并进行评定,以探索定点式ADCP测法在感潮水文站进行潮流量测验的可行性。黄屋屯水文站使用结果说明ADCP比较适用于感潮水文站的流量测验。     

运河水文站流量自动监测系统建立与实现技术

常规流量测验大多采用水文缆道、船测作业模式,现场测验周期长、劳动强度大,不能实现实时、连续、自动监测目标,为此引入德国超声波时差法测流设备。在对运河水文站测验河段分析选择的基础上,从水平、垂直2个方向分析确定时差法设备安装位置,从工程角度对测验平台进行设计,对系统进行同步测验率定,测流精度较高,说明应用时差法流速仪建设流量自动监测系统是可行的。     

关于现代河流生态保护的哲学思考

从矛盾观、自然观、系统观等唯物辩证法的方法论入手,对河流生态保护进行了哲学反恩。必须运用系统的观点来看待河流系统,保护河流系统的完整性和连续性;必须减轻人类活动对河流自然形态的限制,恢复河流的千姿百态;必须深刻认识河流的演化规律,正确处理好人类和河流之间的关系,不断实现人水和谐;必须尊重河流生命,从辩证的角度在河流开发利用与河流保护之间不断寻求折中点,通过最大努力保护和修复河流生态。     

A CLIMATE‐BASED INDEX OF HISTORIC SPAWNING‐STREAM HYDROLOGY

Reproductive success of stream‐spawning Oncorhynchus fishes (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and their allies) may be greatly affected by stream discharge or its covariate, stream temperature, during the spawning season. Because such data for the physical environment may not have been routinely collected as part of previous investigations of these fishes, identification of simple but robust indices of historic, seasonal stream discharge and temperature, using long‐term climate data sets, would be important, especially to investigations of historic population dynamics. This study examined statistical associations among several climate variables and the spawning‐season (approximately June) discharges and temperatures of Clear Creek, a Yellowstone Lake tributary used by spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT), from the lake. Correlation analysis showed that total water‐year degree‐days (calculated on the basis of mean daily air temperature > 0°C) at Lake Village, on the lake's north shore, was a robust index (both negative and positive, respectively) of consecutive, total semi‐month metrics of creek discharge and temperature during the YCT spawning season. This study (and subsequent use of the Lake Village degree days metric as an environmental variable in a dynamic, age‐structured model of the lacustrine–adfluvial YCT population of Clear Creek) showed how exploratory analyses of the fragmentary but long‐term and regionally unique data sets for Clear Creek discharge and temperature revealed a simple but robust index of climate variation important to understanding the historic dynamics of Clear Creek's YCT population, which is a key spawning stock of Yellowstone Lake. In addition, the extensive statistical associations among the climate variables, along with the temporal trends in two key variables, broadly showed how climate varied across the Yellowstone Lake region during the past several decades. Those observations have implications for the historic, seasonal hydrology of all Yellowstone Lake tributaries used by spawning YCT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柘林大坝第二溢洪道泄洪运行安全分析

柘林大坝第二溢洪道泄洪闸结构稳定,位移和渗流运行性态正常,泄流能力满足原设计要求。但尾渠内人口稠密、房屋林立,一旦泄洪,如何保障尾渠内的人民生命财产安全是本工程泄洪运行需要重点关注的问题。因此,电厂必须与地方政府联动,制定出切实可行的防洪抢险应急预案,警钟长鸣、定期演练,以能在泄洪非常时期把损失降到最低。     

水布垭大坝总渗流量突变成因分析

介绍了水布垭水电站大坝加密监测及巡视检查的情况,从监测资料、巡视检查的角度,对坝体总渗流量2012年4月发生突变的情况进行了综合分析,分析成果为水布垭水电站安全稳定运行提供了依据。     

Analysis of the El Niño Effect on the Discharge of Selected Rivers in the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract

Discharge records originating from 78 rivers within the Asia-Pacific region are used to assess a possible relationship between a temporal El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index and regional discharges of rivers. The rivers selected have long monthly discharge series and are geographically distributed throughout the whole region. Analyses of variance are used to identify the sub-regions most teleconnected to the ENSO signal. Composite analyses show the temporal patterns of the relationships between river discharge and the ENSO signal and the possible presence of a time lagged relationship. The analyses show that the rivers of the Oceania-Pacific region are the most affected and that a majority of rivers show a similar temporal pattern, thus allowing the construction of a regional composite streamflow index. The temporal patterns of the identified relationships demonstrate the possibility of forecasting the occurrence of abnormally high or low flows (floods/droughts) months ahead of time.