基于化学条件下静态释放模拟研究太行湖底泥TP分布特征

本文通过分析太行湖底泥中TP的时空分布特征,着重对底泥TP释放进行了室内静态模拟研究,并建立了TP释放速率数学模型,其研究结果可为湖区内源底泥TP污染控制提供参考依据。     

芯钢管混凝土节点的芯管壁厚与节点承载力关系的数值分析

对一种已经通过试验研究的钢管混凝土结构的新型节点进行数值分析。这种节点将钢管混凝土柱的钢管在节点区间断,在节点区设置芯钢管,使梁中的纵筋在节点中直通、梁与节点区混凝土成为一体可靠的传递梁中的弯矩、剪力及轴力。本文利用数值分析弥补模型试验数量少的缺陷。选择不同芯钢管壁厚的节点模型进行非线性有限元分析,得出芯钢管壁厚对节点承载力的影响规律。分析结果表明芯钢管壁厚是影响节点承载力的主要因素之一。     

澳大利亚重载运输对我国铁路重载的借鉴

介绍了澳大利亚铁路运输概况；重点阐述了澳铁重载铁路特点，重载列车运输组织、运行计划、车站作业和货运装卸实施情况，以及机车技术与管理；提出了适合中国重载铁路运输发展的对策与建议。     

软黏土不排水循环应力应变关系的数值模拟

对程星磊等提出的总应力形式增量弹塑性本构模型进行二次开发,以模拟复杂应力状态下软黏土的响应。通过Newton-Raphson算法,对材料非线性问题进行迭代求解;针对本构模型中应力反向等一系列关键性问题,应用欧拉切线算法编写了有限元程序,并结合子增量方法提高了计算精度。预测了软黏土在轴对称应力状态下的响应,得到了应力应变关系曲线,将其与单元预测结果进行比较,二者趋于一致,从而验证了有限元程序编写的合理性。利用该程序模拟三轴不固结不排水试验,模拟结果与试验吻合良好,表明该本构模型有限元程序可以反映轴对称应力状态下软黏土的不排水应力应变特性,可应用于更加复杂边值问题的模拟计算。     

Downstream Ecological Impacts of Controlled Sediment Flushing in an Alpine Valley River: A Case Study

Sediment flushing may be effective to tackle the loss of reservoir storage as a result of siltation. When operationally possible, the impact of this practice on the downstream aquatic environment can be mitigated by limiting the sediment concentration of the discharged waters (controlled sediment flushing). However, this topic is poorly documented, and concerns arise when limits are discussed. We present the results of a 3‐year field investigation concerning the controlled sediment flushing of a small reservoir on the Adda River, the main tributary of Lake Como—Italy. Two limits for suspended solid concentration (SSC) were adopted: 1.5 g L^?1, as average value throughout the whole working day, and 3.0 g L^?1, as alert threshold to adjust the ongoing activity. These constraints were essentially fulfilled in the course of the documented operations. The first year sediment flushing was more significant than the following year: 25 000 tons of fines below 2 mm in diameter were flushed in six non‐consecutive days in summer 2010, while, one year earlier, 75 000 tons were flushed in 16 non‐consecutive days. In the third year of investigation (2011), no sediment evacuation took place. The benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities were surveyed a short distance below the reservoir, that is, in the potentially more affected river reach. Clear pieces of evidence of environmental quality degradation were not detected; the adopted strategies can therefore be considered to be appropriate when planning sediment flushing management in comparable contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

木垒河悬移质泥沙特性分析

河流泥沙是反映流域水土流失严重程度和河川径流特性的重要指标,是合理开发利用地表水资源,建设水利设施必须考虑的一个重要指标。河流泥沙不仅关系河流本身的发展演变,也反映了流域环境特性及人类活动的影响。木垒河是一条多沙河流,泥沙问题不太引起关注,研究也相对缺乏。本文就木垒河泥沙资料分析,对木垒河泥沙的主要来源、分部、年内变化等时空演变进行了初步分析,为木垒河流域水资源合理开发提供一定的参考。     

采用拟静力法的新型桶式基础防波堤结构稳定性分析

三维情况下,桶体稳定性是一个复杂的空间结构与土相互作用的问题。结合工程实例,建立了三维新型桶式基础防波堤有限元模型,对其稳定性进行分析。从而,动力作用下桶体结构位移与目前静力计算的结果相差较大,针对这个问题,分析提出等效拟静力法,通过与动力作用后相等的孔压等效成与之对应的静荷载,然后计算桶体位移。该方法的关键是找出桶体前端底部土体孔压与静荷载之间的关系,同时找出此处土体孔压与动荷载之间的关系,从而建立静荷载与动荷载之间的关系。经数值模拟与试验对比,结果证明所提的等效拟静力法比较合理。在模拟与分析原型桶体基础上,进一步分析了不同尺度及不同荷载作用点高度时,桶体前端底部土体孔压与静荷载之间的近似直线关系。     

Exploring Particle Density Effects on Partial Mobility of Steelhead Spawning Gravels

Yellowbank Creek is a small stream in coastal central California being assessed for salmonid habitat limiting factors and restoration potential. Yellowbank flows through low‐density marine mudstone bedrock, which is the gravel source for the stream. To assess the potential effects of the low‐density substrate on spawning gravels, a tracer stone study comparing the incipient motion of low‐density mudstone particles and typical density granitic particles was used to populate a logistic regression particle entrainment model. A model comparison approach was used to test the strength of the model. Results demonstrate partial mobility of both mudstone and granitic particles under boundary shear conditions ranging from 6.9 to 42.2 N m^‐2. The modelling results quantify the strong negative correlation between particle entrainment and particle density. Mudstone gravel was three times more likely to be entrained than granitic gravel, within the context of the experimental conditions. The effect of density difference on partial mobility was greater in smaller grain size fractions. This work has implications for salmonid spawning success in atypical geologic settings and may assist in prioritization of restoration efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ArcGIS和MikeBasin模型的还乡河流域污染负荷通量估算

阐述了污染负荷的概念及国内外研究进展,利用Arc GIS及Mike Basin模型对还乡河流域内污染负荷产出量、污染负荷通量进行模拟,给出流域内不同污染物的流出系数及距离衰减系数。模拟结果显示,还乡河流域污染负荷产出量为化学需氧量2100.053t/a、氨氮103.615 t/a、硝酸盐氮209.073t/a;并与降雨径流模型(NAM)耦合,计算出流域内污染负荷通量。为水环境管理提供了新的思路方法。     

最佳鳃片倾斜角下分离鳃内部流场的数值模拟

采用均匀试验设计理论对鳃片倾斜角α与β进行数值模拟方案的设计,通过采用Fluent软件中的欧拉模型,以鳃片3上表面的泥沙速度作为考核指标,对不同鳃片倾斜角下的分离鳃速度流场进行模拟。运用投影寻踪回归分析法(PPR)对数值计算结果进行了分析,得出鳃片β倾斜角对分离鳃水沙分离效果影响是最大的,其次是鳃片α倾斜角的影响;当鳃片倾斜角的组合为α=60°与β=45°时,分离鳃中的速度流场有利于水沙的快速分离且水沙分离效果最佳。