地理信息系统在农业决策服务中的应用

[目的]近年来,GIS技术逐渐渗透到农业各环节,在助力提高农业生产效率和经营效益等方面,发挥出越来越重要的作用,为农业现代化发展带来了生机和活力,文章将介绍地理信息系统技术在农业部农业决策服务系统建设过程中的应用,与农业系统从业者分享我们的GIS应用经验。[方法]在构建我国农业决策服务系统过程中,根据我国农业产业特征,选择以Eclipes为开发环境,以Oracle 11gR2为数据库,以SuperMapGIS-T ServerV2.0为服务发布管理平台,以国家测绘局提供的空间地理数据为基础,综合运用WebGIS、REST架构等先进技术,把全国农业生产、经营、流通、管理范围内的地理信息进行分类编制,建成一个功能齐全、应用方便的农业决策服务系统,从而实现了把GIS技术在农业部管理决策层面上的应用。[结果]通过深入调研、走访和分析,迄今历时2年时间,在设计并搭建农业部电子政务内网应用支撑平台的基础上,经研究策划,初步建成了农业部决策服务系统。[结论]GIS技术在农业决策服务中有巨大的应用潜力,不仅可为农业决策服务系统提供空间分析和可视化方法,而且通过该决策服务系统的运行,还能够实现农业部门提供日常监管和应急决策所迫切需要的空间信息。因此,GIS技术在农业决策服务中的应用前景广阔。GIS技术在农业决策服务系统建设过程中的应用,尤其是系统建设思路和架构,对继续探索GIS技术在农业各业务领域中的应用和农业信息平台研发,都将有较大的借鉴作用。     

Information sharing as a safeguard against the opportunistic behavior of South African Karoo Lamb farmers

Misconduct in global meat supply chains are omnipresent and even more so in differentiated chains where credence attributes such as origin and taste are used to differentiate the product. By definition, these attributes signal asymmetric information which implies that in the presence of bounded rational individuals with conflicting interests, misconduct in the form of opportunistic behavior is bound to prevail. Increased information exchange through farmer networks is, however, expected to reduce opportunistic behavior. In the case of a differentiated meat product, such as Karoo Lamb, the article studies the farmer‐abattoir transaction with the purpose of recommending strategies that can be implemented to reduce the farmer's tendency to behave opportunistically. The article employs the PLS approach to SEM and reveals a significant negative relationship between information shared and opportunistic behavior. The results indicate significant positive relationships between trust in the abattoir and information shared as well as between farmer networks and information shared. These results are indicative of the support provided to the information shared construct by higher levels of trust between farmers and abattoirs and established farmer networks. It is, therefore, recommended that differentiated meat supply chains, through their various associations, concentrate their efforts to promote information sharing by building stronger, trust centered relationships and by supporting farmer networks.     

Collaborative apparel consumption in the digital sharing economy: An agenda for academic inquiry

While apparel businesses leveraging the sharing economy have begun to emerge in recent years, academic research on “sharing” consumption for apparel is extremely limited. To fill this research gap, the researchers analyze current literature to present a conceptual framework that offers a durable theoretical foundation about the concept of collaborative consumption for apparel. Using a metatheory approach, the researchers develop a framework that explores how two major Internet‐supported collaborative consumption modes (utility‐based nonownership and redistributed ownership) manifest in an apparel context. Next, the researchers explore the implications of each consumption mode to understand the consumer's relationship with the product, peers, and businesses involved in these sharing schemes. A series of research propositions are also developed to stimulate discussion and future research about collaborative apparel consumption.     

海洋经济信息资源的共享与保护研究

海洋经济信息资源是海洋资源规划、管理、保护和合理利用的基础信息,是国家重要的基础性、战略性信息资源之一。然而,"共享"与"保护"之间的矛盾性造成了我国海洋经济信息资源管理缺乏协调性、统一性,因此需要开展海洋经济信息资源统一化、标准化管理,加快实施海洋经济信息资源的共享关键技术,建立海洋信息共享机制,建立海洋经济信息资源的安全管理体系,积极参与海洋经济信息资源共享的国际合作。     

地方财政压力与投资多样性——基于所得税分享改革的研究

利用企业所得税分享改革构建强度倍差模型,使用1997—2012年全国地级市数据,检验了地方财政压力对于投资多样性的影响及相关传导机制。结果表明,地方财政压力不利于投资多样性的提高;在财政压力下,地方容易形成偏向房地产行业的投资倾向。然而,不同地区地方财政压力对投资结构的影响存在异质性。经济发展水平较低的地区在财政压力下更容易降低投资多样性;而经济发展水平高的地区应对财政压力时,更倾向于通过多元化投资的方式做大税基、减轻财政压力。优化分税制结构、建立地方性税种能缓解地方财政压力,对于改变地方“房地产集中型”投资结构有一定的积极作用。     

Examining the influencing factors of intention to share accommodations in online hospitality exchange networks

ABSTRACT

CouchSurfing is a free social-network-based online hospitality exchange network, aptly representing a new sharing economy phenomenon. Based on social capital theory and previous literature, this study attempts to answer why hosts help strangers without any expected economic benefit within online hospitality exchange networks. An empirical study based on a Web survey conducted with CouchSurfing hosts reveals that the most identified antecedents (enjoy helping, shared narratives, desire to make friends, and reciprocity) are significantly related to hosts’ intention to share accommodations. Interestingly, the overshadowing effect of trust in CouchSurfing on the intention to share accommodations is also found.     

企业隐性知识管理研究述评

知识经济时代呼唤有效的知识管理,隐性知识作为企业知识的主体和企业创新的原动力,正扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文从隐性知识的内涵与分类、特性与测评、转化与共享等方面对近几年国内外企业隐性知识管理的研究成果进行综述,并分析了目前企业隐性知识管理研究中存在的问题。     

社会资本对公共项目管理绩效影响的实证研究——以知识共享为中介变量

社会资本作为公共项目的客观情景因素,能够弥补公共项目中正式制度的不足并改善项目管理绩效。文章分析了社会资本三个维度对管理绩效的影响,围绕着公共项目管理绩效的可控影响因素,引入知识共享作为中介变量,在公共项目中构建出“社会资本→中介变量→公共项目管理绩效”的假设模型,并依此完成实证研究。结构方程模型（SEM）的验证结果表明,在社会资本与公共项目管理绩效之间的作用关系中,知识共享充当了中介变量的角色,社会资本各构面在不同程度上对公共项目管理绩效产生间接的正效应。     

山东省农业转移人口市民化成本测算及分担机制构建

农业转移人口市民化的综合成本主要包括政府财政负担的公共成本和个人承担的个人成本两部分。采用分类加总法测算得出山东省农业转移人口市民化的人均公共成本约为15.07万元,个人成本约为2.37万元/年,同时绝大多数农业转移人口还需要集中支付一笔可观的购房成本,人均约12.43万元。合理消化这一巨额成本,需要发挥政府的主导作用,同时鼓励企业、农业转移人口、社会积极参与,构建一个由政府、企业、农业转移人口、社会等共同参与的多元化成本及责任分担机制。     

财政级次与优化政府间税种配置

我国过多的财政级次与彻底分税制之间存在不相容性,难以在各级政府间合理配置税种,因而需要简化财政体制级次.本文结合政府层级变化趋势,提出推出两项行政体制变革,将政府层级从五级精简为三级,使得政府层级与财政级次对应,并以中央、省、市(县)这三级政府财政为架构,来优化各级政府间税种配置,形成各自的主体税种.