设计优化在建设项目成本中的应用分析

建设项目成本控制的重点阶段是建设项目的设计阶段,结合实际工程经验,本文将会通过对建设项目设计阶段如何有效控制成本进行详细的阐述,分析与探究成本控制有何实际意义,并提供一定参考性的建设意见。     

IS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR PRIVATE R&D ALWAYS JUSTIFIED? A DISCUSSION BASED ON THE LITERATURE ON GROWTH

Many economists have long held that market failures create a gap between social and private returns to research and development (R&D), thereby limiting private incentives to invest in R&D. However, this common belief that firms significantly underinvest in R&D is increasingly being challenged, leading the rationale behind public support for private R&D to be questioned. In this paper, we attempt to clarify the perspectives of two sources: the theoretical literature on endogenous growth, and its recent developments in integrating a geographical dimension, and the empirical literature that measures the social returns to R&D in relation to the private returns. Ultimately, we are able to clearly distinguish among different types of market failures and compare their relative impact on the gap between the private and social returns to R&D. Two main conclusions are reached. First, systematic firm underinvestment in R&D is not demonstrated. Second, even though instances of underinvestment do occur, they are mainly explained by surplus appropriability problems rather than by knowledge externalities. This suggests the need for a new policy mix that employs more demand‐oriented instruments and is more concentrated on identifying efficient allocations among activities rather than merely increasing global private R&D investment.     

Cooperation strategies in port-oriented bulk supply chains: aligning concept and practice

It seems intuitively obvious that firms in supply chains may have more to gain than to lose from learning to cooperate; but it is now more than two decades since Poirier [1999. Advanced Supply Chain Management. San Francisco, CA: Barrett-Koehler] and others called for cooperation in order to capture mutual gains in supply networks and even now ‘cooperation is neither common nor easy’. The simple fact is that not only are supply chains exceptionally complex but so too is the ‘process of cooperating’ – often in the context of antitrust legislation and competition policy. This paper argues that there is a critical need to rethink the principles and processes of cooperation within the broader framework of the competitive behaviour of firms and business strategy. Particularly, it suggests that the relatively recent thinking of Greenwald and Kahn [2005 Greenwald, B., and J. Kahn. 2005. Competition Demystified A Radically Simplified Approach to Business Strategy. New York, NY: Portfolio, The Penguin Group. [Google Scholar]. Competition Demystified A Radically Simplified Approach to Business Strategy. New York, NY: Portfolio, The Penguin Group] in their ‘radically simplified approach to business strategy’ offers sound conceptual insights into cooperation and cooperative strategies for firms not only in markets but also in chains. Furthermore, it notes that the analytical framework for cooperation and cooperative strategies which the authors develop is far removed from the notion of cooperation as ‘commitment and trust and shared thinking’ and from ‘buyer/seller reciprocity’ and ‘collaborative attitudes’ which tend to underwrite much contemporary thinking and research. The paper also argues that the Greenwald and Kahn framework – its single intelligence model of cooperation and cooperative strategies – resonates with real-world relevance, at least for particular supply chains. The paper focuses attention on research into globally significant export coal chains from major east coast Australian ports and in brief case studies finds substantial alignment between concept and practice.     

注水泵房地基不均匀沉降事故原因分析及加固处理

地基不均匀沉降与建筑物安全密切相关,正确分析地基不均匀沉降的原因及提出合理的加固方案是预防事故发生及处理事故的重要内容。通过对承重构件开裂较为严重的某砖混结构房屋的调查评估,发现地基不均匀沉降是引起改房屋出现上述情况的原因,并通过沉降数据观测曲线分析,得出内力增大构件的位置与裂缝开展构件位置相吻合;并以此为依据,对该房屋提出了地基及上部结构的加固处理方法,加固后房屋已处于沉降稳定状态,裂缝和变形没有继续扩展。     

单桩基础在靠船墩扩建工程中的施工实践

本文通过对邵伯一号船闸上游靠船墩扩建过程的介绍,着重阐述了单根灌注桩作为靠船墩基础在工程中的具体应用,讲述了大直径灌注桩的施工工艺过程等,对今后同类工程的施工实践具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

自然策化安全系统构架危岩体的预警

仅仅立足于预警,是一个被动措施,换句话说仅仅等待滑坡的发生,而人类的期望是最好不要发生这类事件。为此,人类必须立足于主动的地位,积极采取必要而正确的措施避免滑坡的发生,这类措施在多数场合主要是科学地布置好地表排水系统,合理布局林、地、田,而不是挡土墙等大规模工程。     

三相异步电动机疑难分析与处理

现如今电器设备不断更新换代,而对于我们工业中一直使用的三相异步电动机性能及维护也不断的改进,同时其它的电器设备也在不断的升级。下面将给大家讲解下有关三相异步电动机的疑难分析与处理及其它电器设备的使用。     

浅谈变压器故障分析及运行维护

本文分析了变压器常见的故障和短路故障原因,介绍了变压器运行中出现的不正常现象和运行中的检查,提出了变压器发生故障时,处理之气味、颜色异常诊断方法。     

电路设计中的抗干扰问题

由于电磁干扰不仅影响电子电路工作的可靠性和稳定性,而且会使电路的性能下降,因此在进行电路设计时必须解决好电路的抗干扰问题。本文从接地的设置和屏蔽方式的选择两个方面介绍了如何采取合理的方法解决电路的抗干扰问题。     

10kV配电线路故障及防范处理措施分析

目前,10kV配电线路线路长、负荷分散、设备数量多、运行维护条件差、保护措施少。在运行中不仅要承受机械和电气负荷,还要经受各种天气因素的侵扰,因而故障机率较大。文章针对常见故障与防范处理措施及提高配电网技术水平等做一下分析。