An Interval Fuzzy Multiobjective Watershed Management Model for the Lake Qionghai Watershed, China

Integrated watershed management is required to ensure the reasonable use of resources and reconcile interactions among natural and human systems. In the present study, an interval fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method was used to solve an integrated watershed management problem. Based on system analysis, an IFMOP model suitable for a lake watershed system {IFMOPLWS} was developed and applied to the Lake Qionghai watershed in China. Scenario analysis and an interactive approach were used in the solution process. In this manner, various system components were incorporated into one framework for holistic consideration and optimization. Integrality and uncertainty, as well as the multiobjective and dynamic characteristics of the watershed system, were well addressed. Using two scenarios, two planning schemes were generated. Agriculture, tourism, macroeconomics, cropland use, water supply, forest coverage, soil erosion, and water pollution were fully interpreted and compared to identify a preferable planning alternative for local agencies. This study showed that the IFMOPLWS is a powerful tool for integrated watershed management planning and can provide a solid base for sustainable watershed management.     

引子渡水电站大坝施工质量控制及成果简析

混凝土面板堆石坝是引子渡水电站的主要水工建筑物,在大坝坝体填筑及混凝土面板的施工过程中,通过室内及现场试验确定了质量控制参数,并采取了必要的质量控制措施,从而保证了工程质量。本文主要对质量控制情况及检测成果作简要介绍。     

土工植草网在城防工程中的应用

文章以双辽市城防工程建设为例,介绍土工植草网新材料在护坡工程中的应用方法.     

Coupling GIS with Hydrologic and Hydraulic Flood Modelling

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been recognised as a powerful means to integrate and analyse data from various sources in the context of comprehensive floodplain management. As part of this comprehensive approach to floodplain management, it is very important to be able to predict the consequences of different scenarios in terms of flooded areas and associated risk. Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling plays a crucial role and there is much to gain in incorporating these modelling capabilities in GIS. This is still a rather complex task and research is being done on the full integration of these models. Interfacing between these models and GIS may be a very efficient way of overcoming the difficulties and getting very good results in terms of engineering practice. This paper presents results based on the use of Intergraph GIS coupled with Idrisi GIS. Using these two systems substantially increased the flexibility of using GIS as a tool for flood studies. A lumped (XSRAIN) and a distributed (OMEGA) hydrologic models were used to simulate flood hydrographs. The well known HEC-2 Hydraulic model was used to compute flooded areas. These models were applied in the Livramento catchment with very good results. The computation of flooded areas for different flood scenarios, and its representation in GIS, can be used in the assessment of affected property and associated damages. This is a very useful GIS-based approach to floodplain management.     

鄱阳湖流域水土保持与防洪治涝

鄱阳湖流域水土流失加剧了洪涝灾害。治理水土流失能增强山丘地涵养水源的能力,削洪减沙,减少库容损失,降低河床,具有明显的防洪效益。进行流域防洪规划时,应将防治水土流失与防洪治涝结合起来,因地制宣,综合治理。     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙控制途径的探讨

根据黄河中游多沙粗区暴雨洪水及产流产沙特点，提出了为控制水沙危害，黄河中游治理应分两步走的战略。第一步解决近期水沙控制和耕地问题，主要措施是建设淤地坝和骨干坝。研究表明，在现状坝地，梯田条件下，为满足粮食生产需要，每平方公里需新增坝地３．１８ｈａ，且能港口控制水沙的要求。第二步是进行坡面治理，改善生态环境，以达到根治水沙的目的。     

氧化微晶蜡生产的技术经济分析

简要介绍了微晶蜡氧化工艺及氧化微晶蜡产品特点，并对其进行了初步经济评价，同时对氧化微晶蜡下游产品如防锈蜡，乳化蜡及塑料润滑用蜡等进行了市场分析，最后给出了氧化微晶蜡下游产品生产的若干建议。     

企业竞争策略中的成本效益分析方法

企业每一项经营决策都应该进行成本效益分析，市场竞争中可以根据本企业的成本曲线和需求曲线，预测出竞争策略实施后对内部成本和外部需求可能产生的影响，从而计算出某项决策的经济效果。     

瀑布沟工程的水文分析计算

本文简要的介绍了瀑布沟工程水文分析计算主要依据站的选定和基本资料的插补延长,以及径流、洪水的分析计算方法.在可行性研究阶段水文成果(通过审查)和新设立的毛头码水文站所取得的数年水文资料的基础上,将初设阶段对可行性研究阶段的水文分析计算方法和成果进行验证和补充的情况重点予以介绍.     

日本主银行制度演变的路径分析

日本主银行制度源于战前的银行体制和二战期间的“军需企业指定金融机关”制度。战后，日本金融体制基本被保留下来，在日本经济恢复和高速增长期，日本企业与银行通过相互持股紧密结合起来，形成了企业和银行相互促进、共同发展的良性循环．但是，在20世纪90年代日本泡沫经济崩溃以后，紧密的银企关系加剧了企业危机与银行危机的连锁反应，导致银行与企业相互羁绊的恶性循环．