NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIDAL CURRENT AROUND HARBOR ENTRANCE

A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model is established to investigate the tidal current motion characteristics around the harbor entrance. Computational approaches consist of the finite difference method, time-splitting technique, C-grid, and a high-order turbulence closure model. The Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) inundation scheme is incorporated in the model. An engineering application, Lianyungang Harbor, China, is used as a real-life case. The model is validated by showing that the simulated results agree well with the field data. In the approach channel, the tidal current shows a deflection effect especially in the bottom layer. As for Lianyungang Harbor, a jet flow forms at the tip of the northern breakwater, which drives a circulation flow at the inner side of the harbor entrance. In the vertical, the flow is significantly stratified at the entrance section within the channel, where the flow direction varies between layers and the speed distribution is quite uniform. These 3-D features become less evident to the offshore. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the flow deflection is related to the channel depth. Simulation results also imply that the siltation rate at the entrance section of the approach channel tends to be more uniform by the 3-D flow motion feature, and could be more significant with the increase of the channel depth.     

控制幕作用下水库温流场特征初步研究

大型水库建成后由于库区水动力学特性、光混特性、热量特性等发生了改变,水库垂向水温将呈现出明显的分层现象,对库区及其下游河道的生态环境造成显著影响,常通过采用分层取水措施加以改善。针对控制幕分层取水方法,通过温分层水槽试验,研究了分层水体中设置水温控制幕后,控制幕前水温、流速分布特征以及下泄水温的变化情况。试验考虑了不同热冷水流量比、控制幕距取水口距离、取水口位置和控制幕遮挡率等因素的影响。试验结果表明:控制幕设置后,控制幕上游近幕布区域温跃层厚度减小,温跃层强度增大,水体掺混受到抑制;控制幕下游温跃层厚度增大明显,控制幕促进了控制幕下游水体的垂向扩散,破坏了原水体分层现象;控制幕上游近幕布区域,热冷水流量比越小取水口位置越低,控制幕遮挡率越小温跃层厚度越厚,温跃层强度越小。热冷水流量比增大,取水口位置提高以及控制幕遮挡率增加均会使下泄水温升高。     

三峡水库香溪河库湾不同异重流下水温分层模式研究

三峡水库蓄水后支流库湾水体的水动力条件发生变化,水温在垂向上的分布也呈现出了不同模式。为了分析不同类型的倒灌异重流条件下水体的水温分布情况,对香溪河库湾不同断面的水温进行原位监测,并构建库湾水体的水温水动力数学模型(CE-QUAL-W2)。研究结果表明:水库正常运行的不同时期,香溪河库湾水体的主要水动力条件和水温分布结构均不同,在水库运行时的泄水期,库湾水体水动力主要为表层倒灌异重流,水温呈现传统的分布模式;在水库汛期低水位运行时,库湾水体水动力主要为中层倒灌异重流,水温呈“双混斜”式分布;在水库蓄水期,库湾水体水动力主要为底部倒灌异重流,水温呈“半U”型分布。研究成果可为揭示香溪河水流水温特性、营养盐迁移及水华预测预报提供相关的理论支持和技术支撑。     

What role does stratification play during winter in wind-induced exchange between the multi-depth basins of a large lake (Lake Geneva)?

Detailed studies of wind-driven interbasin exchange in lakes, focusing on the underlying driving forces and how they are affected by stratification, are presently lacking. We therefore investigated how stratification modifies wind-induced exchange between the Petit Lac (PL) (depth 75 m) and Grand Lac (GL) (depth 309 m) basins of Lake Geneva in winter, using field observations, 3D hydrodynamic modeling and particle tracking. Early, weakly-stratified (December) and late, fully-mixed (March) winter conditions in the PL were compared for a typical, strong along-axis wind forcing. During early winter, two-layer exchange develops between the basins, with downwind surface outflow into the GL balanced by intense bottom inflow of deep, cold hypolimnetic GL water into the PL which is enhanced by baroclinic pressure gradients caused by upwelling in the GL. Furthermore, the transversal water-level setup generates barotropic pressure gradients that balance Coriolis force acting on the outflow. This produces unidirectional along-wind epilimnion currents that strengthen interbasin exchange. In late winter, with the thermocline deeper than the PL bottom, upwelling in the GL does not reach the confluence and baroclinicity plays no role, resulting in weaker exchange currents with a depth-veering structure in the upper layers due to Coriolis force. In late winter, interbasin exchange decreases by 50 %, is more local, affects only waters near the confluence, and is more horizontal, with no deepwater upwelling from the GL. Our results suggest that prolonged winter stratification due to global warming will make wind-induced hypolimnetic interbasin-upwelling an increasingly important deepwater renewal process in large multi-depth basin lakes.