陶一井田断层发育特征及古构造应力-应变场演化探究

通过对邯郸矿区陶一煤矿多年勘探和生产中获得的大量地质资料分析研究,得出该矿地质构造以正断层发育为主,断层分期形成及中小断层两盘呈反牵引的特点。并在此基础上结合大地及区域地质构造情况,进而探究了陶一井田古构造应力-应变场演化与断层形成间的关系。     

钻井过程中扭矩传感器的应用研究

在钻井过程中应用扭矩传感器,通过对扭矩参数的解释,能正确指导工程施工,提高录井技术和资料解释水平,有利于快速发现油气显示,能够提高钻井效率、确保安全钻井。文章详细介绍了扭矩参数曲线的影响因素,扭矩参数曲线的形成过程,对不同的钻头事故形成了一般的判别规律。     

Robust estimation of models of Engel curves

Both standard and robust methods are used here to estimate models of Engel curves for three household commodities, namely, food, transport, and tobacco and alcohol in Canada. The income elasticities of demand computed from the various methods differ significantly for the transport and tobacco-alcohol consumption where there are obvious outliers and zero expenditures problem. Robust estimators point to lower income elasticities and have better performance than the standard LS and Tobit estimator. These results are analyzed in the light of the information on finite-sample performance obtained in a previous Monte Carlo study. First version received: July 2000/Final version received: July 2001 RID="*" ID="*"  I wish to thank Victoria Zinde-Walsh, John Galbraith, Clint Coakley, two anonymous referees and an associate editor for helpful comments. I would also like to thank Anastassia Khouri for kindly providing the 1992 Family Expenditure Survey of Canada data.     

Do demand curves for stocks slope down?: Evidence from aggregate data

We examine whether the aggregate demand curve for stocks is downward sloping. As a proxy for aggregate demand, we use net outflows (dividends plus repurchases less net issues) from the stock market scaled by the previous year's market capitalization. To disentangle the information and price pressure effects from the demand curve effects, we use an information-free demographic variable as an instrument and look at the relation between annual changes in aggregate demand and excess market return. We find that information-free changes in the annual aggregate demand for stocks do not lead to changes in the annual excess market return. This finding supports long-term horizontal demand curves for stocks.     

A review of experience curve analyses for energy demand technologies

Transitioning towards a sustainable energy system requires the large-scale introduction of novel energy demand and supply technologies. Such novel technologies are often expensive at the point of their market introduction but eventually become cheaper due to technological learning. In order to quantify potentials for price and cost decline, the experience curve approach has been extensively applied to renewable and non-renewable energy supply technologies. However, its application to energy demand technologies is far less frequent. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of experience curve analyses for energy demand technologies. We find a widespread trend towards declining prices and costs at an average learning rate of 18 ± 9%. This finding is consistent with the results for energy supply technologies and for manufacturing in general. Learning rates for individual energy demand technologies are symmetrically distributed around the arithmetic mean of the data sample. Absolute variation of learning rates within individual technology clusters of 7 ± 4%-points and between technology clusters of 7 ± 5%-points both contribute to the overall variability of learning rates. Our results show that technological learning is as important for energy demand technologies as it is for energy supply technologies. Applying the experience curve approach to forecast technology costs involves, however, unresolved uncertainties, as we demonstrate in a case study for the micro-cogeneration technology.