陶一井田断层发育特征及古构造应力-应变场演化探究

通过对邯郸矿区陶一煤矿多年勘探和生产中获得的大量地质资料分析研究,得出该矿地质构造以正断层发育为主,断层分期形成及中小断层两盘呈反牵引的特点。并在此基础上结合大地及区域地质构造情况,进而探究了陶一井田古构造应力-应变场演化与断层形成间的关系。     

Bayesian assessment of dimensionality in reduced rank regression

We consider Bayesian inference about the dimensionality in the multivariate reduced rank regression framework, which encompasses several models such as MANOVA, factor analysis and cointegration models for multiple time series. The fractional Bayes approach is used to derive a closed form approximation to the posterior distribution of the dimensionality and some asymptotic properties of the approximation are proved. Finite sample properties are studied by simulation and the method is applied to growth curve data and cointegrated multivariate time series.     

Karl Pearson—The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age by Theodore M. Porter: A Review

Porter presents an excellent account of the young Karl Pearson and his extraordinarily varied activities. These ranged from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exams to German history and folklore, and included free thought, socialism, the woman's question, and the law. Returning to science, Pearson produced the famous Grammar of Science . He decided on a career in statistics only at age 35. Porter emphasizes Pearson's often acrimonious but largely successful battles to show the wide applicability and importance of statistics in many areas of science and public affairs. Eugenics became a passion for Pearson. Avoiding all formulas Porter fails to give any concrete ideas of even Pearson's most important contributions to statistical theory. We try to sketch these here.     

Integrating two-dimensional water temperature simulations into a fish habitat model to improve hydro- and thermopeaking impact assessment

Storage hydropower plants, which are an important component of energy production in Switzerland, can lead to hydro- and thermopeaking, affecting river habitats and organisms. In this study, we developed an approach for integrating water temperature simulations into a habitat model to assess the impact of both hydro- and thermopeaking on the availability of suitable fish habitats. We focused on the habitat requirements of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a semi-natural braided floodplain along the Moesa River (Southern Switzerland) in early summer. First, we defined different scenarios (with and without hydropeaking) based on the local hydrological and meteorological conditions. Second, we used a two-dimensional depth-averaged hydro- and thermodynamic model to simulate the spatial distributions of water depth, flow velocity, and water temperature. Third, we applied generalized preference curves for juvenile brown trout to identify hydraulically suitable habitats, and developed a new index to assess the availability of thermally suitable habitats. Finally, we quantified the extent to which hydraulically and thermally suitable habitats overlap in space and time. During both base and peak flow phases, most of the hydraulically and thermally suitable habitats are located in the side channels. High flow conditions combined with strong cold-thermopeaking lead to a higher thermal heterogeneity. However, disconnected habitats originate in the dewatering zone, increasing the risk of stranding as well as thermal stress. By helping to better understand the effects of thermopeaking on the availability of fish habitats, our approach could contribute to the design and evaluation of ecological restoration in hydropeaking rivers.     

粗粒土二维模型试验研究

 粗粒土是土石坝的主要填坝材料,其力学特性研究是土力学热点之一,一般采用三轴试验来研究粗粒土的力学性质,由于试验方法的限制,很难观察到三轴试验过程中颗粒的运动。为了获得试验过程中颗粒的运动规律,研究粗粒土的细观变形机理,设计并开展了粗粒土二维模型试验。二维模型试验过程中可以清楚地观察到颗粒的运动,能定性地分析试样的受力变形特征。试验结果表明：①峰值偏应力随侧压力的增大而增大,峰后略有软化现象,体变随应变的发展先剪缩后剪胀,侧压力越小剪胀性越明显;②抗剪强度包线呈很好的线性关系;③颗粒破碎率随侧压力的增大而增大,在很小的侧压力下,就有颗粒破碎发生;④试样破坏时有较明显的剪切带。模型试验的上述规律和三轴试验成果具有很好的一致性,说明二维模型试验能够反映三轴试验过程。     

超贫胶结材料三轴试验

在前期大量单轴试验的基础上,对超贫胶结材料试件进行了三轴试验,得到不同胶凝材料用量、不同围压下的应力-应变曲线,分析了胶凝材料用量及围压对应力-应变曲线的影响,探讨了不同试验条件下试件的强度、体积变形规律以及残余强度等,为超贫胶结材料本构模型的建立奠定了基础。     

不同饱水强度灰岩应变特性及劣化损伤本构模型研究

为研究饱水强度作用下灰岩的物理力学特性,对不同饱水强度的灰岩试样进行单轴压缩试验,分析其典型的应力-应变特征,并基于损伤力学理论建立损伤本构模型。结果表明,饱水强度加剧了灰岩的软化效应,高强度饱水灰岩的压密阶段相对延长,而弹性变形阶段相对缩短;随着饱水强度的增加,灰岩峰值强度呈线性降低,但饱水作用未对灰岩的破坏类型造成较大影响,仍以剪切破坏为主;损伤本构模型曲线和试验曲线高度吻合,说明建立的损伤本构模型是可靠的;随着饱水强度的增加,灰岩脆性和强度弱化,参数m和F₀分别呈二次函数和三次函数降低。     

不同粒径再生粗骨料混凝土单轴受压应力 －应变关系试验研究

研究了粗骨料粒径对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,为再生混凝土工程中合理选取再生粗骨料粒径及取代率提供参考和依据。以再生粗骨料粒径和取代率为变量,用 5 ～ 20 mm、20 ～ 30 mm 及5 ～ 30 mm 粒径范围内的再生粗骨料制作了不同取代率的二级配再生混凝土试件,利用混凝土单轴抗压的试验方法,分析了不同再生粗骨料粒径以及不同取代率再生混凝土的力学性能。实验结果表明:再生混凝土的弹性模量随取代率的增大而减小; 相同取代率下,再生粗骨料粒径为 5 ～ 30 mm 的二级配再生混凝土的抗压强度比粒径为 5 ～ 20 mm 或 20 ～ 30 mm 的二级配再生混凝土的抗压强度高; 粒径为 20 ～ 30 mm 的再生粗骨料对二级配再生混凝土力学性能的影响最大。再生粗骨料全级配取代,且取代率为 30% 时二级配再生混凝土的抗压强度最大。     

湿陷性黄土与膨胀土的分级增湿变形特性试验研究

对陕西张桥的湿陷性黄土和安康的膨胀土分别进行了分级增湿变形试验。根据试验结果分析了这两种土的应力应变关系曲线、增湿变形过程中基质吸力变化特点及增湿变形类型。分析表明，其两者的增湿变形应力应变曲线形态完全不同，湿陷性黄土的应力应变曲线明显分为压缩、湿陷变形和固结压密3段，并且在湿陷变形转变为固结压密时有一个明显的转点。膨胀土的应力则随变形增加呈衰减趋势，并且在增湿变形中以体积变形为主，剪切变形较少。湿陷性黄土和膨胀土在增湿过程中基质吸力变化亦表现出明显的差异，前者随含水率明显变化，随应力变化较小，而后者随含水率和应力的增加均有较大变化。最后提出湿陷性黄土的湿陷起始应力和膨胀土的膨胀应力两个概念，进一步合理分析了两者的特征力。     

塑性混凝土相对弹性变形特性试验研究

为了探讨塑性混凝土应力-应变曲线直线段P₁和P₂的取值范围,从而得出弹性模量的取值,通过对4组不同混凝土配合比的48个试件,进行了单轴抗压强度试验。通过试验绘制了典型应力-应变曲线,选取了曲线的近似直线段,进而分析割线模量和计算区间内切线模量均值的相近程度,并对直线段弹性模量计算公式中如何对P₁和P₂取值进行了研究。试验结果表明:塑性混凝土应力-应变曲线上升段存在近似直线段;塑性混凝土的强度＜5MPa时,选取60％和80％峰值应力作为弹性模量计算公式中P₁和P₂的值比较符合塑性混凝土的实际情况;反之,则需要更进一步的研究。试验研究成果为解决低强度塑性混凝土材料性能取值难问题提供了一种较好的方法。