铜场水库大坝施工期渗流及变形资料分析

通过对坝体0＋090桩号及0＋145桩号施工期沉降及渗流监测成果的分析,初步分析了铜场水库大坝施工期在孔隙压力水和上游水位的共同作用下,心墙内渗透水位上升和沉降量明显偏大的原因。监测成果表明：①坝体施工期沉降量偏大但沉降监测成果符合一般变化规律;②心墙碾压铺料层厚度较厚,层间结合部压实密度较低,心墙压实度较低的部位有少量水渗入;③0＋090与0＋145断面的倾度为0.001%～0.067%,说明心墙沉降比较均匀。     

Classical meets modern in the IDEA protocol for structured expert judgement

Expert judgement is pervasive in all forms of risk analysis, yet the development of tools to deal with such judgements in a repeatable and transparent fashion is relatively recent. This work outlines new findings related to an approach to expert elicitation termed the IDEA protocol. IDEA combines psychologically robust interactions among experts with mathematical aggregation of individual estimates. In particular, this research explores whether communication among experts adversely effects the reliability of group estimates. Using data from estimates of the outcomes of geopolitical events, we find that loss of independence is relatively modest and it is compensated by improvements in group accuracy.     

Strong Nash equilibrium in games with common and complementary local utilities

A rather general class of strategic games is described where the coalitional improvements are acyclic and hence strong Nash equilibria exist: The players derive their utilities from the use of certain facilities; all players using a facility extract the same amount of local utility therefrom, which amount depends both on the set of users and on their actions, and is decreasing in the set of users; the ultimate utility of each player is the minimum of the local utilities at all relevant facilities. Two important subclasses are “games with structured utilities,” basic properties of which were discovered in 1970s and 1980s, and “bottleneck congestion games,” which attracted researchers’ attention quite recently. The former games are representative in the sense that every game from the whole class is isomorphic to one of them. The necessity of the minimum aggregation for the existence of strong Nash equilibria, actually, just Pareto optimal Nash equilibria, in all games of this type is established.     

粘土固化浆液在强透水层中防渗试验

防渗用粘土浆液中加入少量粘土浆液固化剂,被注浆的透水地层,其结石强度和渗透系数值达到防渗要求。用粘土固化浆与水泥浆在坝基强透水地层做了高喷截渗时比试验。     

高职铸造专业实训改进研究与实施

为了提高高职学院铸造专业学生实训效果,通过消失模铸造改进传统木模手工造型,既提高了学生实际动手能力,又使学生掌握了该门先进铸造技术,增强了学生就业竞争能力。     

Cognitive flexibility and adaptive decision‐making: Evidence from a laboratory study of expert decision makers

Research Summary : How can strategic decision makers overcome inertia when dealing with change? In this article we argue that cognitive flexibility (i.e., the ability to match the type of cognitive processing with the type of problem at hand) enables decision makers to achieve significantly higher decision‐making performance. We show that superior decision‐making performance is associated with using semiautomatic Type 1 cognitive processes when faced with well‐structured problems, and more deliberative Type 2 processes when faced with ill‐structured problems. Our findings shed light on the individual‐level mechanism behind organizational adaptation and complement recent work on strategic inertia. In addition, our findings extend management studies that have stressed the relevance of cognitive flexibility for responding to the demands of increasingly open, flexible, and rapidly changing organizations. Managerial Summary : Humans are creatures of habits. We tend to prefer known courses of action over new ones. In many cases, habits are good. However, when things change in unpredictable ways, the past may not be good guidance for the future. We argue that “cognitive flexibility”—the ability of understanding when to rely on habits vs. when to explore new courses of action—enables managers to switch from a “fast” decision mode, based on habits, to a “slow,” more deliberate decision mode that facilitates the exploration of new courses of action. Managers high in cognitive flexibility reflect on the situation at hand, recognize and value diversity in viewpoints, and integrate such diversity in their own decision processes. By valuing diversity, they are more likely to overcome inertia.     

干湿循环下红黏土边坡响应的模型试验

针对降雨/干燥过程中边坡破坏问题,为了解干湿循环过程中红黏土边坡失稳机理以及内部响应过程,以贵州红黏土为研究对象,通过室内堆砌边坡模型,在模型内部不同位置埋设传感器进行了降雨/干燥试验,分析红黏土边坡在干湿循环过程中内部含水率、位移、孔隙水压力变化特征,并观察试验过程中边坡表面破坏发展,探讨红黏土边坡的失稳机理。试验过程中含水率、孔隙水压力皆随着降雨过程而增大,干燥期间逐渐减小,且随着边坡的深度增加,受外界气候变化影响越小,位移在循环过程中逐渐缓慢增加。边坡破坏形式分为降雨过程中面蚀、冲沟,干燥阶段裂缝发育。结果表明:边坡失稳主要是由于整体含水率的增加,导致孔隙水压力上升,土体有效应力下降,横向位移逐渐增加,最终导致滑坡发生,而降雨期边坡表面的破坏以及干燥期裂缝的发育更加剧了这一过程。     

赤峰市东台子水库黏土心墙分散性试验研究

分散性黏土是黏土中的一种,抵抗冲蚀能力较低,易形成管涌,破坏大堤整体安全,必须在大坝修筑中采取适当的反滤等措施降低其危害。目前国内外对于分散性黏土的认识和试验检测仍处于摸索阶段,对其定性判别方法和试验检测手段暂时也没有形成规范,多数均根据经验处理。笔者所在单位根据多年经验,在赤峰市东台子水库黏土心墙土料特性判别及检测中做了大量工作,取得了一定成果,本文以此为例介绍分散性黏土的判别方法,供同仁在试验工作中参考。     

充填土沉积特性试验研究

疏浚土及吹填泥能否作为充填料是土工织物充填袋筑堤技术关键问题。针对连云港疏浚土,开展泥水混合物沉积模拟试验,研究了黏粒含量和初始含水率对泥水混合物自重沉积特性的影响,以及作为充填材料的适用性。试验结果表明:充填土沉积过程可分为沉淀阶段和自重固结阶段。沉淀阶段时间较短,土性指标很快趋于稳定。自重固结阶段土性指标几乎没有变化,表明充填土自重固结是相当缓慢的;充填土初始含水率越大,或黏粒含量越小,最大沉淀速率越大,沉淀越快。初始含水率越大,或黏粒含量越大,沉淀结束时充填土含水率和孔隙比越大,密度越小;当充填土黏粒含量大于10%时,在确保充填土的流动性和可灌性前提下,应尽量减小初始含水率,从而降低充填土沉淀结束时的含水率和孔隙比,提高密度;当充填土料的黏粒含量大于30%时,最大沉淀速率很小,沉淀的持续时间将会比较长,不利于工程施工。因此,充填土料的黏粒含量应小于30%。更多还原     

公伯峡水电站土石围堰防渗布置与施工

公伯峡水电站土石围堰布置5种防渗型式，分别是沥青防渗墙，现浇混凝土防渗，粘土心墙，土工膜防渗和高压旋（摆）喷混凝土防渗墙。通过对不同类型防渗墙的施工方法，施工程序和防渗效果的比较，可为其他类拟工程的防渗设计及其施工提供参考。