淹没式取水工程附近水流运动三维数值模拟

采用三维水流模型,模拟了淹没式取水工程(单侧引水箱、蘑菇头)附近三维空间内的水流运动。计算发现,取水工程处表层水体中水平流速增量与取水吸水方向可相同,也可相反。结合模拟结果和明渠水流基本理论,探讨了取水口附近水流变化现象的形成机理。理论分析表明,黏性(垂向扩散)、动水压力作用是产生上述现象的决定因子,它们对表层水流变化的驱动方向相反,其综合作用效果随着取水工程之上水深h’的不同而不同。对于单侧引水箱,当h’较小时,黏性扩散作用占主导,取水层与表层水流流速增量方向一致;当h’较大时,动水压力作用占主导,取水层与表层水流流速增量方向相反。较之单侧引水箱,蘑菇头从水平各个方向均吸水,导致了在蘑菇头正上、正下方水域形成2个压力集中区。环绕着这2个区域边缘,靠近取水口的水层由于黏性扩散向中心运动,远离取水口的水层(底层、表层)被向外压出。     

A random walk simulation of scalar mixing in flows through submerged vegetations

The scalar transport phenomena in vertical two-dimensional flows are studied using the random walk method. The established Lagrangian model is first applied to study the idealized longitudinal dispersion in open channels, before being used to investigate the scalar mixing characteristics of the flows through submerged vegetations. The longitudinal dispersion coefficients of the fully-developed boundary layer flows, with and without vegetations, are calculated based on the positions of the particles. A convenient way of incorporating the effects of vegetations is proposed, where all the flow parameters are regarded to be continually distributed over the depth. The simulation results show high accuracy of the developed random walk method, and indicate that the new method of accounting for the vegetation effects is appropriate for all the test cases considered. The predicted longitudinal dispersion coefficients agree well with the measurements. The merit of the new method is highlighted by its simplicity and efficiency in comparison with the conventional method that assumes the discontinuous distribution of the flow parameters over the depth.     

Influence of bending rigidity of submerged vegetation on local flow resistance

The different state of the submerged vegetation has different influences on the flow resistance. This paper explores the relationship between the state and the resistance of an individual submerged vegetation, and the relative bending rigidity of the submerged vegetation is determined by the state of the submerged vegetation. Based on the experimental observations, the state and the resistance of an individual submerged vegetation are analyzed under different inflow conditions. At the same time, the influences of the various submerged vegetations on the flow resistance are discussed under the same inflow conditions. Some interesting relationships are obtained between the flow resistance and the relative bending rigidity of the submerged vegetation, and it is shown that the flow resistance increases with the increase of the relative bending rigidity of the submerged vegetation, and they are positively correlated.     

埋弧焊在长输管线现场应用的可行性分析

埋弧焊在管线钢工厂生产焊接中取得了很好的应用效果,若把这种焊接工艺引进到长输管线施工现场,将完全打破传统的根焊+热焊+多遍填充+盖面焊的焊接模式,将极大的提高现场施工速度。本文根据埋弧焊原理及特点,通过分析管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头性能,结合长输管线现场施工特点,探讨了管线钢在现场应用的可行性,并提出了埋弧焊在长输管线现场施工中的应用模式。     

红水河流域大型取水泵房的型式选择

红水河干流河槽狭窄、切割较深,河床及岸坡多为基岩出露,滩多水急,设计洪水位与设计枯水位差值悬殊.采用直流供水系统的火力发电厂需要从河流取大量循环冷却水,按发电机组容量和不同时期设计了潜没式圆形、竖井式圆形、露天式矩形三种型式的大型取水泵房.文章对这些取水泵房的设计进行总结和分析,为地表水取水泵房的设计提供帮助和启示.     

大型筒体埋弧自动焊的焊接工艺

通过对大型筒体埋弧自动焊的焊接工艺评定试验,分析了产品的结构特点和技术难点,制订了合理的焊接工艺。实践结果表明,大型简体埋弧自动焊的焊接工艺合理,确保了产品质量。     

水下推动器作用下氧化沟流场的数值模拟

该文通过建立推动器三维数学模型,采用MRF模型定义其转动、RNG k-ε模型模拟流场湍流变化的方法对水下推动器作用下的氧化沟流场进行了三维数值模拟,并用充足的实测数据对模拟结果进行验证.模拟值与实测数据吻合良好,表明该数学模型能较为准确有效地模拟出推动器作用下氧化沟流速的分布及三维流场的沿程变化情况.     

水闸大孔口淹没堰流泄流能力的探讨

根据牛顿阻力公式和能量方程，初步研究了胸墙流速系数和大孔口淹没堰流流量的计算方法，所得结果得到水槽模型试验资料的检验，并与按孔流方法计算的结果做了比较，获得一些有益的认识．     

高速淹没冲击射流的压强特性

在试验室中研究了高速淹没射流对挡板的冲击压强特性。射流出流速度为10．36m／s～53．86m／s、厚度为3cm。测得最大时均冲击压强沿射流流程的变化规律以及挡板上的时均冲击压强的分布特性及扩散宽度。试验结果表明：在高流速范围内，挡板上的最大时均无量纲冲击压强与无量纲射流流程的平方根之间存在良好的直线关系。当射流流程大于80倍出流厚度时，淹没射流产生的冲击压强可以忽略。挡板上的时均压强分布存在较好的自模性，近似符合高斯分布。最后给出了挡板冲击区宽度的定量描述。     

热膜测速技术在挑射水流运动特性及高坝消能机理研究中的应用

本文为探讨挑射水流在冲坑内的基本特征与消能机理，首次利用热膜测速技术量测定床冲坑中淹没射流的沿程时均流速和脉动流速分布，并同时量测沿坑底的压强场，给出入射区、冲击区和壁射流区三个子区的流速和压强的变化规律；计算坝面摩阻消能、空中扩散消能和冲坑水垫中紊动剪切消能三部分的消能效率。