Plausible versus implausible tensile price claim: Selective accessibility model approach

Retailers frequently use exaggerated price discount advertisements with a tensile price claim (TPC; e.g., “Save up to 70%”) to attract consumers because they expect that once consumers enter a store, they will purchase low‐ or medium‐discounted products. Drawing on the selective accessibility model, this study investigated the way in which an implausibly high maximum level of savings stated in a TPC influences consumers’ expected price discount (EPD) and perceptions of actual price discounts across different types of TPCs (i.e., TPC stating a maximum level and TPC stating a range of savings). This study also investigated two situations in which consumers have previous knowledge of a product’s price discount versus when they have less or no knowledge of the discount. For both conditions, a single‐anchor TPC (i.e., “Save up to Y%”) that stated an implausible maximum level of savings led to a higher EPD and lower perceptions of the deal (i.e., perceived savings, price fairness, and perceived value) with respect to the actual price discount than did a TPC with a plausible maximum level of savings. In contrast, when the TPC stated two anchors (i.e., “Save X–Y%”) and consumers had knowledge of the price discount, their EPDs assimilated only toward the plausible anchor (X), and ignored the implausibly high maximum price discount (Y), resulting in a lower EPD and higher perceptions of the deal of the actual price discounts than a TPC that stated a plausibly high maximum level of savings. In contrast, when consumers had no knowledge of the price discount, their EPDs only adjusted toward the more plausible anchor (X), regardless of whether they perceived the maximum anchor as plausible or implausible. Thus, there was no difference in consumers’ perceptions of “Save X–Y%” between implausibly and plausibly high Y%.     

某校行政办公楼预应力砼梁施工方案

在进行预应力砼梁施工时,施工用材要符合设计要求,设备满足施工要求。文章从设备、配件的安装检查,预应力钢绞线的安装、锚固、张拉应力的控制及施工技术要点,砼梁的浇筑及灌浆养护,安全文明施工、环境要求及工程资料的整理等方面对预应力砼梁施工进行了探讨。     

基于逐次逼近遗传算法的梯级水库优化调度

利用传统遗传算法求解水库优化调度问题时,经过遗传操作产生的新个体可能是不可行解,因此需要对其进行修正.但在梯级水库调度中,由于各时段间、水库间存在的水力电力联系,使这种修正变得复杂困难.鉴于此,提出了逐次逼近遗传算法(GASA),它可在包含不可行解的空间中寻优,并通过搜索空间的不断改变,逐渐逼近最优解.最后通过一个算例,并与离散微分动态规划法(DDDP)和逐步优化法(POA)的优化结果进行比较,说明了该方法的可行性与有效性.     

SUCCESSIVE MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENTS

Abstract. We consider methods for the analysis of successive measurements, with emphasis on practical usefulness. It is described how the methods can be applied by using common techniques like regression analysis and analysis of variance.     

淮安某立交地涵温控防裂措施仿真分析

为解决立交地涵施工期混凝土的温控防裂问题,用三维温度场和应力场有限元法对淮安某立交地涵工程混凝土结构进行施工期的仿真计算分析,对结构施工分层、设置后浇带、部分整体浇筑和多种保温等混凝土防裂措施进行了计算和比较,了解这些防裂措施的效果,进而找出最有效的防裂措施,为工程混凝土结构的施工提供科学指导.     

Venture Capital Valuation,Partial Adjustment,and Underpricing: Behavioral Bias or Information Production?

Using a sample of venture capital (VC)‐backed initial public offerings (IPOs), we analyze the role played by perceived valuation changes on IPO underpricing. We find that perceived valuation change from the last pre‐IPO VC round to the IPO affects IPO underpricing in a nonlinear way. Further analysis indicates that information‐based theories, not behavioral biases, explain this nonlinearity. We also find that the previously documented partial adjustment effect and its nonlinear impact on IPO underpricing are related to the trajectory of the perceived valuation changes, which stands in stark contrast to prior evidence of the importance of behavioral biases.     

Horizontal Mergers and Successive Oligopoly

This paper considers a successive oligopoly setting in which a set of upstream firms sell output non-exclusively to a group of downstream firms using a linear tariff. If the concavity of retail demand is constant then the profitability of horizontal merger at either the upstream or the downstream stage is shown to depend on the number of firms in the stage experiencing the merger and not on the number of firms in the other stage. Furthermore, the profitability of merger at either stage is the same as the profitability of merger amongst a set of vertically integrated firms in a setting in which all firms are vertically integrated. Finally, mergers at either stage are shown to reduce the sum of producer and consumer surplus. Moreover the negative effects of merger on surplus are unambiguously increased by increases in concentration in the merging stage and ambiguously affected by increases in concentration in the non-merging stage.JEL classification: L10, L20, L40     

高强螺栓在柳杭橡胶坝中的应用

介绍了用高强螺栓连接压板与垫板的新型螺栓压板锚固型式在柳杭橡胶坝中的应用,通过计算、分析比较,阐述了这种新型螺栓压板锚固型式在结构受力、安全性能以及经济效益等方面在高坝的应用中有较大优势。     

Free entry in successive oligopolies

In the present paper, we propose an extension of Spengler's (1950) analysis of successive oligopolies, to study the effects of entry in the downstream and upstream markets. Free entry is analyzed using replica economies à la Debreu and Scarf (1963) . We find that free entry may have different effects in the upstream and in the downstream market. Namely, the usual convergence of the price to the corresponding marginal cost only occurs in the downstream market.