基于小波分析的表面活性剂减阻流体二维流场流动特性研究

该文采用粒子图像测速仪对矩形槽道内减阻流体二维流场进行测量,采用小波分析方法将流场分解为平均速度场与7个不同尺度的脉动场.结果显示减阻流体横向速度脉动几乎被完全抑制,流向速度脉动略低于水,但从波数为2开始小尺度脉动被明显削弱.减阻流体流向速度脉动呈条带分布,同流向基本平行,并且具有较大尺度,统计结果曲线也在相应位置出现局部大值,显示高脉动层存在的普遍性.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON SURFACTANT FLOODING FOR LOW PERMEABILITY OILFIELD IN THE CONDITION OF THRESHOLD PRESSURE

Based on the non-Darcy flow characteristics of surfactant flooding in the low permeability oilfield, considering the changes of threshold pressure and influence of surfactant on convection, diffusion, adsorption and retention, a mathematical model is established for a three-dimensional, two-phase, three-component surfactant flooding. A new treatment for the changes of threshold pressure and a novel correction method for the relative permeability curve in the process of surfactant flooding are derived, which enhances the matching degree between the mathematical model and field practice. The mathematical model was used to perform the numerical simulation study for a pilot test of surfactant flooding in Chao 45 Block of Daqing Oilfield, a proper injection plan was optimized. After the optimized plan was carried out in oilfield, the desirable effects, like pressure-reducing, injection rate increase, and the increase of oil recovery, were achieved. The average oil increase for single well reaches 37%, the ratio of cost to revenue is above 1：4, so the economic effect of scale is promising.     

Bubble hydrodynamic influence on oxygen transfer rate at presence of cationic and anionic surfactants in electroflotation process

In this work, the effects of the presence of surfactants in the liquid phase and the hydrodynamic regime of the bubble flow on the oxygen transfer rate were investigated in an electroflotation process ...     

无碱二元泡沫体系配方筛选室内研究

针对三元泡沫驱中强碱对地层及地面设备的腐蚀问题,在室内进行了无碱二元泡沫体系配方筛选研究.通过检测体系的界面张力及泡沫综合指数,确定了二元体系中界面张力可达到10(-3)mN/m的三种无碱化表活剂及其浓度.在此基础上,进一步研究了聚合物分子量、浓度以及不同水质对体系性能的影响,初步确定了二元体系的配方:聚合物分子量为1300万,浓度1200mg/L,表活剂浓度0.3%,配制用水为曝氧污水.二元驱的室内研究为实现无碱化泡沫驱奠定了基础.     

表面活性剂对土壤中多氯联苯洗脱影响研究进展

多氯联苯(PCBs)作为典型的持久性有机污染物(POPs),在环境中广泛分布且具有生物毒性,土壤中的多氯联苯可通过食物链在生物体中富集,对生物体产生危害.多氯联苯易与土壤紧密结合,由于其难以降解,故去除土壤中多氯联苯非常困难.利用表面活性剂的亲水性和亲油性,可促进土壤中PCBs释放到水体中,水体中的多氯联苯便于进一步处...     

Characteristics of air-water upward intermittent flows with surfactant additive in a pipeline-riser system

The effect of the surfactant additive on the upward intermittent flows in a pipeline-riser system is studied experimentally, in a 3 m long horizontal pipe connected to a Perspex pipe of 2.0 m long and 25 mm in diameter, inclined to the horizontal plane by 7?, followed by the vertical PVC riser of 3.5 m high and 25 mm in diameter, operating at the atmospheric end pressure. Based on the analysis of the pressure signal and the visual observation of the riser, it is shown that the additive of surfactant to the carrying liquid makes bubbles smaller in size but much larger in number in the upward intermittent flows. In addition, the additive of surfactant to a two-phase flow does not have a significant impact on the in-situ gas fraction, the pressure drop and the frequency of the liquid slug, but it reduces significantly the velocity of the liquid slug. When the superficial liquid velocity is set, an exponential relationship between the dimensionless velocity of the liquid slug and the Webber number can be obtained. These results might be used for estimating the characteristic parameters of the upward intermittent flow based upon the input operating conditions.     

高温状态下表面活性剂在多孔介质中的运移规律研究

本文建立了高温状态下表面活性剂在多孔介质中的运移方程。该方程考虑了活性剂的动态吸附，高温热降解，化学反应等因素。利用有限差分法将该方程与能量守恒方程进行了耦合求解。讨论了注入温度，注入速度，段塞尺寸等参数对活性剂运移的影响。结果表明这些参数对活性剂的运移及作用效果具有较大的影响。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚/磺酸盐复配体系乳化性能研究

目前驱油中经常用到的表面活性剂在单独使用总会存在各种缺点,而两种表面活性剂之间的复配体系却显示出优于单种表面活性剂的特性,能够适应不同的油水条件,在采油过程中拥有巨大的前景。本文采用烷基苯磺酸盐与脂肪醇非离子表面活性剂MOA-4复配的形式,对复配后表面活性剂碱水体系的界面张力及乳状液析水率进行测定。结果表明,MOA-4/磺酸盐表面活性剂碱浓度为0.8%,表面活性剂浓度为0.2%情况下界面张力最低,烷基苯磺酸盐与MOA-4的复配体系乳状液稳定性较磺酸盐单剂而言更低,放置24h时析水率最高为22%。     

利用表面过剩吸附模型研究低界面张力体系下油水两相渗流

利用表面过剩吸附理论,建立了表面活性剂在油层中的输运及吸附模型,并利用有限差分法将该模型与油水两相质量守恒方程进行了耦合求解。通过与实验结果的验证表明,表面过剩吸附模型的计算结果与实验结果符合地较好。应用此模型可以较好地研究表面活性剂在油层中的分布及其对油水两相渗流的影响。讨论了表面活性剂浓度及用量对活性剂分布及原油采出程度的影响,结果表明,表面活性剂注入浓度的影响与注入体积密切相关。     

表面活性剂对土壤中多氯联苯洗脱影响研究进展

多氯联苯（PCBs）作为典型的持久性有机污染物（POPs）,在环境中广泛分布且具有生物毒性,土壤中的多氯联苯可通过食物链在生物体中富集,对生物体产生危害。多氯联苯易与土壤紧密结合,由于其难以降解,故去除土壤中多氯联苯非常困难。利用表面活性剂的亲水性和亲油性,可促进土壤中PCBs释放到水体中,水体中的多氯联苯便于进一步处理,以减轻对生态的危害。该文综述了近年来国内外对于表面活性剂促进多氯联苯从土壤向水体中释放的研究进展,在阐释了表面活性剂促进土壤中多氯联苯洗脱机理的基础上,具体分析了影响促进作用的各种因素。